| With the rapid development in industry and the general improvement of living standard in people,water pollution is drawing more and more attention, especially the health and safety of drinking water.Water pollution can not only cause massive deaths of fish, but also make the fish and other aquaticorganisms vary. In addition, water pollution can make aquatic organisms accumulate kinds of harmfulsubstances, which can greatly reduce their edible value. Therefore, based on the principle and method oftoxicology, we can monitor the toxic effects of harmful substances in water pollution areas on aquaticorganisms. In this way, we make it good to do a further study on water environmental protection, and it hassignificant theoretical and realistic meanings on promoting the coordinated development of waterenvironment.According to the toxicology standards to evaluate the toxic effect of exogenous substances, thisresearch discussed the toxic effect and the DNA damage effect which [C12mim]Cl may have on the twokinds of loaches(paramisgurnus dabryanus and loach) by conducting five tests which include acute toxicitytest, genetic toxicity test, biochemical toxicity test, embryo toxicity test and PAPD analysis DNA damage.The general results obtained are as follows:Acute toxicity test showed that, the LC50s which [C12mim]Cl had on paramisgurnus dabryanus were45.83mg·L-1under24hours,36.82mg·L-1under48hours, and the Sc was7.13mg·L-1under48hours.While the LC50s on loaches were31.63mg·L-1under24hours,27.94mg·L-1under48hours, and the Scwas6.54mg·L-1under48hours. From these data we can conclude that paramisgurnus dabryanus has amuch higher tolerance than loach.On the basis of results which the acute toxicity test concluded, we can further explore the influence of[C12mim]Cl on micronucleus rate of erythrocytes by setting different concentration gradients. The[C12mim]Cl concentrations on paramisgurnus dabryanus were respectively A(2mg/L)、B(4mg/L)、C(8mg/L) and D as the control group, while the concentration gradients on loaches were the same as onparamisgurnus dabryanus. We respectively collected specimens at2,4,6days after the treatment with[C12mim]Cl on the two loaches. Then we observed the shape and calculate the micronucleus rate ofmicronucleus. Experimental results showed that, to some degrees,[C12mim]Cl can induce the micronucleus rate of erythrocytes of the two kinds of loaches to increase. At the same time, there is a relationshipbetween time and the dosage effect..Physiological test adopted activity changes of SOD and CAT in liver tissues of the two loaches as anindicator to detect the [C12mim]Cl physiological toxic effects of the two Loaches. The results showed: Theactivities of SOD and CAT both increased earlier and then decreased in the treatment of different times inthe same concentration. But when times were the same, the activities of SOD and CAT decreased withconcentrations increasing. From the results above, it can be concluded that [C12mim]Cl has significantbiochemical toxicity effects on the two kinds of loaches.RAPD analysis test analyzed the RAPD molecular marker band changes of DNA and made themcompared to the control group to further explore the damage caused by [C12mim]Cl on the DNA of twoloaches. Analysis found that,[C12mim]Cl can induce RAPD spectrum in different degrees withincreasement, missing, and the change of the brightness at different concentrations in different exposuretimes. The analysis results indicated that [C12mim]Cl can induce part of basic groups of DNA to mutate. Inaddition, the study also filtered out specific bands for recovering, cloning and sequencing analysis, and theresults have a significant reference meaning on revealing molecular mechanism of [C12mim]Cl toxicity.In the embryo toxicity test, we tested the embryo hatchability rate and the deformity rate in theembryonic disc bulge period, mid-gastrulation, neurulation period and the tail bud stage of embryonicdevelopment. The test results show that,[C12mim]Cl has a certain teratogenic and lethal effect onembryonic development of the two loaches, and can make their hatching rate, deformity rate to somedegree increase. But meanwhile, there are some differences of sensitivity which [C12mim]Cl has onembryos of the two kinds of loaches.In a word,[C12mim]Cl has definite acute toxicity, biochemical toxicity and genetic toxicity effect,which can cause damage on the DNA molecular level of the two kinds of loaches and has a certaininhibitory, teratogenic and lethal effects on fish in early growth and development. Therefore, we shouldstrengthen the biological monitoring and evaluation of [C12mim]Cl, and enhance the scientific managementand the use of [C12mim]Cl in order to serve people’s production and daily life better. |
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