The Study On The Accumulation Regularity And Effects Of Six Nutrient Elements In Or On Amomum Villosum Lour.

ObjectivePlant absorbs nutrient elements from soil. Nutrient elements are not only the material of plant cells, but also affect enzyme activity and the level of signal transduction in plant deeply. They can affect the growth and development of plant by controlling plant physiological activities. So, nutrient elements may affect the yield and quality of medicinal plant. To establish a theoretical foundation of fertilizing for Amomum villosum Lour. cultivation, the accumulation regularity and effects of six nutrient elements, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and zinc, in or on A. villosum were studied.Methods1Determination of the contents of six nutrient elements in the organs of A. villosum.The content of nitrogen in A. villosumwas determined according to the first method of GB5009.5-2010. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and zinc in A. villosum were determined according to the standard method of ICP-AES of JY/T015-1996.2Determination of the contents of seven kinds of soil nutrients.The contents of organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, effective calcium, available zinc and effective boron were determined according to the standard methods of LY/T1237-1999, LY/T1229-1999, LY/T1233-1999/5, LY/T1236-1999, LY/T1245-1999/4, NY/T149-1990and LY/T1261-1999/4, respectively.3Sand cultivation of A. villosum. The cultivation material was use the mixture of sand and vermiculite (2:1in volume). The nutrient solution was prepared according to Hoagland in macroelements and Arnon in microelements.Results1The accumulation regularity of six nutrient elements in A. villosum.N, P, K and Zn were mainly accumulated in the organs which grow rapidly and metabolize actively, especially in young leaf blades and flowerets, but also accumulated in mature fruits. The accumulation characteristics of these four elements in young and mature leaf blades were similar to which in stolons and erect stems. The accumulation of these four elements in the four organs speeded up during August to October and December to February. Peaks of content appeared in the two periods. Contrary to the four organs, root had only a peak in December. Comparing to all other organs, flowerets accumulated N, K, Zn most in June. The accumulation levels of K, Zn in mature fruits were the second among all the organs in October. Less P was accumulated in mature fruits. The average levels of N, P, K, Ca or Zn in stolon were lower than that in other organs.The accumulation characteristic of Ca was different from N, P, K, Zn. To a certain extent, there was a opposite relationship between Ca and other four elements. In December, the content of Ca was largest in young leaf blades and stolons, and lowest in mature leaf blades and roots. And in the rest months, there were little changes. The content of Ca in erect stems, stolons, flowerets and mature fruits was lower than the average value of all organs.The accumulation of B in all organs was little, which was less than5ppm.2The changes of six soil active nutrients and the relationship between changes of soil nutrients and six element contents in A. villosum.There was no clear relationship between changes of six soil active nutrients and six element contents in A. villosum. But the amount of soil active nutrients would affect the changes of element contents in A. villosum in certain extent. Active K was insufficient all the year round. The amount of active K dropped in June to August and February to April. There was some relationship between the decreases of active K and K content in A. villosum. Active Ca was insufficient in April, June and October, which led to build a relationship in some extent with that Ca content increased in June to December and decreased in February to April in the plant. Active Zn was insufficient relatively in February to April, which might mainly cause the Zn content of the plant deficiency in same period. The content of active B was less than the critical value of0.5ppm in soil, which was the reason of sterility of A. villosum.3The effects of six nutrient elements on the growth of seedlings.Seedlings of A. villosum were grown by sand cultivation method. The physiological indicates of the plant were measured. Results showed that21.00mg/L of N,3.10mg/L of P,23.40mg/L of K,2.00mg/L of Ca,0.05mg/L of Zn and0.51mg/L of B was sufficient for seedling growth and development, but that of31.00mg/L of P,5.01mg/L of B and0.49mg/L of Zn was better. Harmful symptoms appeared in the planting condition with63mg/L of N,234mg/L of K and20mg/L Ca.Conclusion1The accumulation of six nutrient elements in organs of A. villosum.Conclusion is made on the average value of six elements accumulation in different organs. More elements of N, P, K, Zn can accumulate in young leaf blades and flowerets of A. villosum. Whereas there is little P accumulation in roots and mature fruits. The level of Ca is accumulated similarly in flowerets, young leaf blades, erect stems and stolons, which less than the average value of plant. B is less accumulated in all organs.2Requirement of six nutrient elements for A. villosum seedlings.The seedlings need more B, P, Zn for growing. Low levels of N, K and Ca are sufficient for the growth and development of the plant. Excessive amount of N, K and Ca will be harmful for seedlings.3Fertilizing scheme for planting seedling of A. villosum.We promote a proposal fertilizing scheme for the types of soil with great deficiency of K, Zn, B and little deficiency of Ca similar to that in Yangchun City.From June to August, suitable amount of N, K, Ca, Zn and B should be supplied. And the N, P, K, Ca and B should be supplied in April to October. From October to December, suitable amount of N, P, K and B should be provided. From December to February, it is better to supply N, P, K Zn and B. And it should be provided K, Ca, B and Zn in February to April. Meanwhile, from April to June, it is better to supply N, P, K Zn and B.The suitable amount of different nutrient elements supplied to soil is listed below.That of22.1to411.0g of N,606.7g of P,45.8of K,39.1of Ca,9.7g of Zn and99.7g of B is the suitable amount for667m2per month.