| ObjectiveThe nurse’s occupational harm is mainly divided into four categories:Physical harm, chemical harm, biological harm and psychological social harm. These risk factors have raised concern both nationally and internationally. The relevant medical institutions adopted certain measures widely to reduce the injury of harm factors, but the frequencies of occupational harm faced by nurses is still higher. This study is focused to survey and analyze the relationship of occupational harm occurring frequencies with the main departments and their hardware environment, the age, personality type, occupational emotion, education, working age of nurses in general hospitals. With the study, we look forward to provide some reference to the hospital and nurses to take effective and necessary protective measures to reduce their occurrence frequencies.MethodsWe randomly selected nurses as the object of study in departments of internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, emergency and infectious disease in five hospitals of Luohe City, and investigated them with questionnaires. Questionnaire consists of three parts:The survey of nurses general information, the survey of the nurses’ occupational harm factors occurrence frequencies and the determination of the nurses’personality types.The survey questionnaire includes the occurrence frequencies of the eleven occupational harm factors, including pathogen infection, chemical disinfectants, noise, injury stabbed by sharp instruments, ionizing radiation, volatile medicine, new knowledge and skills, legal disputes, heavy workload, poor working conditions and injuries from patients. The occurrence frequencies is divide d into four degrees:never (0points), occasionally (1points), general (2points), and regular (3points). Nurses choose the points according to the harm they face. According to the scores, we sort the eleven occupational harm factors.We examined the recuperated questionnaires, and rejected the unqualified ones. Then the data was analyzed for its statistical significance using SPSS13.0software. The quantitative date is analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance. The qualitative data is analyzed by chi-square test. P<0.05was considered as statistical significance.Results1.General informationThere is no statistical significance of difference among departments of surgery, internal medicine, emergency, pediatric and infectious disease in the recovery rate of the recuperated questionnaires, average age and average working age (P>0.05)2.The difference of nurse’s occupational harm between different departmentsThe occurrence frequencies of heavy workload, noise, chemical disinfectants and poor working conditions are higher in departments of surgical, internal medicine, emergency, pediatric and infectious disease. Comparing these occupational harm factors in these departments, there is no statistical significance (P>0.05). The occurrence frequencies of pathogen infection (x=2.00±0.38), chemical disinfectants (x=2.39±0.38), ionizing radiation (x=2.02±0.38) and injury stabbed by sharp instruments (x=1.82±0.38) in emergency department are evidently higher than that of other departments. The occurrence frequencies of the nurses’occupational harm factors in the departments are:emergency department (x=1.91±0.38),pediatric department (x=1.84±0.46),surgical department (x=1.75±0.39), internal medicine department (x=1.69±0.41) infectious disease department (x=1.47±0.65)3. The relationship between personality type and occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factorsThe occurrence frequencies of these harm factors occurring on the body of nurses with different personality types are:bilious temperament (x=2.09±0.39), melancholic temperament (x=1.98±0.53), lymphatic temperament (x=1.79±0.44) and sanguineous temperament (x=1.70±0.44). The occurrence frequencies of pathogen infection (x=2.33±0.39)、injuries stabbed by sharp instruments (x=2.17±0.39) and injuries from patients (x=2.25±0.39) on the body of nurses with bilious temperament are significantly higher than that of other types of nurses. The occurrence frequencies of chemical disinfectants (x=2.88±0.53) and volatile medicine (x=2.00±0.53) on the bodies of nurses with melancholic temperament are significantly higher than that of other types of nurses. At the same time, we compare the percentages of nurse’s personality type in these five departments, there are no statistical significances (P>0.05)4. The relationship between occupational emotion and occurrence frequencies of the nurse.’s occupational harm factorsThe nurse with boredom paied more attention to heavy workload (x=2.08±0.45), noise (x=2.03±0.45) and working conditions of departments (x=1.7±0.45).These factors are listed as the top3. Among all the nurses, the amount of pediatric nurses with boredom is higher (31.25%), which compared with nurses in other departments, there are statistical significances (x2=17.753, P=0.023). The amount of nurses in emergency department with favor is higher (24.49%), which compared with nurses in other departments, there are statistical significances x2=17.753, P=0.023). But the amount of nurses in infectious disease department with general attitude is higher (84.62%), which compared with nurses in other departments, there are statistical significances (x2=217.753, P=0.023) 5. The relationship between age and occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factorsAll the occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factors on the nurses aged40-49are higher than that of other nurses, especially the noise (x=2.69±0.53, nurses aged20～29:x=2.13±0.44, nurses aged30～39:x=2.14±0.53) The occurrence frequencies of new knowledge and skills on the nurses aged20-29(x=1.81±0.44, nurses aged30～39:x=1.54±0.53, nurses aged40～49:x=1.31±0.53) are higher than that of other nurses. The occurrence frequencies of injuries stabbed by sharp instruments on the nurses aged30-39(x=0.71±0.53, nurses aged20～29:x=1.63±0.44, nurses aged40-49:x=1.77±0.53) are lower than that of other nurses.6. The relationship between education and occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factorsAll the occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factors on the technical school degree nurses are higher than that of nurses with other degrees, especially new knowledge and skills (x=2.36±0.49, nurses with college diploma:x=1.67±0.44, nurses with bachelor’s degree:x=1.69±0.39)7. The relationship between working age and occurrence frequencies of the nurses’occupational harm factorsThe bigger the working age is, the lower the occurrence frequencies of new knowledge is (working for more than ten years:;x=1.35±0.48, less than five years: x=1.84±0.43, between five to ten years: x=1.65±0.44), but the higher the occurrence frequencies of heavy workload is (working for more than ten years:x=2.65±0.48, less than five years:x=2.27±0.43, between five to ten years:x=2.57±0.44). We also compare the personality type rate of the nurses working for different years, there are statistical significances (x2=15.682, P=0.009). There are more nurses working for more than ten years with melancholic temperament (5.88%)and lymphatic temperament(61.76%), and the bilious temperament(7.2%) and sanguineous temperament rate(61.6%) of nurses working for less than live years is bigger.8. The relationship between hardware conditions and occurrence frequencies of the nurse’s occupational harm factorsThe better the hardware conditions are, the lower the occurrence frequencies of all the nurses’occupational harm factors, especially heavy workload (x=2.00±0.42, normal:x=2.39±0.46, poor:x=2.85±0.42), noise (x=1.64±0.42, noral:x=2.22±0.46, poor:x=2.39±0.42) and injuries stabbed by sharp instruments (x=1.57±0.42, mormal:x=1.63±0.46, poor:x=2.21±0.42)Conclusions1.The occurrence frequencies of heavy workload, noise, chemical disinfectants and poor working conditions are higher sequentially and with same order in department of surgical, internal medicine, emergency, pediatric and infectious disease. The occurrence frequencies of other factors are different in these departments.2. The occurrence frequencies of the nurses’occupational hann factors on nurses working in emergency department are highest, followed by department of pediatric, surgical, internal medicine and infectious disease sequentially.3. The occurrence frequencies of the nurses’occupational harm factors on nurses with bilious temperament are highest, followed by nurses with melancholic temperament, lymphatic temperament and sanguineous temperament. But the types of those occupational harm factors are different in nurses with different temperaments. There is no relationship between department and nurse’s personality type, but there is relationship between working age and nurse’s personality type.4. The occurrence frequencies and types of the nurses’occupational hann factors also have close relationship with occupational emotion, age, education, working age and working hardware conditions. |
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