| Objective:To explore the influence and the potential mechanism of nickel contaminated environment exposure to the fetal growth and development. Methods:1. The differences of PM2.5and the concentration of elements in PM2.5between polluted area and control area were compared by monitoring the ambient environment air. Venous blood of subjects who were recruited were collected before delivery and cord blood were collected at the time of delivery for analyzing the elements. Both B ultrasonic and the neonatal growth data were recorded for exploring the influence of these elements in nickel contaminated environment to fetal growth and development.2. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) in plasma were assayed by using the kits and the differences in polluted and controlled area were analyzed for discussing the potential mechanism of nickel contaminated environment exposure to fetal growth and development. Results:1. The results of ambient environment air in two areas indicated:The concentration of PM2.5in pollution area was similar to control area. The concentration of cobalt, arsenic, nickel, selenium and copper of PM2.5were4,12,82,6and26times higher in polluted area than in controlled area respectively.2. The results of pregnant women’s general condition in two areas showed:(1) There were no statistic differences of age, height, the weight and body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy between the two areas (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the years of residence between the two areas.(2) There were no statistic differences about factories near to whose houses, the decoration in recent one year, drink, diseases, medicine, folic acid, formula milk powder, education, occupation, the distance of the bedroom to road, pregnancy reaction, pregnant times, gestational weeks and the ways of delivery between pollution and control area (P>0.05).3. The results of the growth and development of newborn and fetus in two areas indicated:(1) There was no statistical difference in gender of newborn between the two areas (P>0.05).(2) The femur length and amniotic fluid index were6.86cm,8.37cm in polluted zone but they were7.20cm,11.27cm respectively in controlled zone and there were s statistical differences (P<0.01). The biparietal diameter was9.47cm in pollution area, it was higher than in control area (9.30cm) and had a statistic difference (P<0.01). The fetal heart rate was143.03time per minute in pollution area and it was138.11time per minute in control area and the difference was significantly (P<0.05).(3) The height was48.95cm in polluted zone and it was lower than in controlled zone (50.67cm) and there was a statistical difference (P<0.05), but there were no statistic differences (P>0.05) in body weight, head circumference, chest circumference and Apgar scores of newborn.4. The results of elements analysis of maternal and cord blood in two areas showed:(1) The concentrations of cobalt, arsenic and selenium of maternal blood were0.49μg/L,6.05μg/L,112.00μg/L in pollution area, they were higher than in control area (0.39μg/L,4.95μg/L,85.50μg/L) and there were statistic differences (P<0.01). The concentrations of nickel and copper in polluted area were higher than in controlled area but there were no statistical differences (P>0.05).(2) The concentrations of cobalt, arsenic and selenium of cord blood were0.47μg/L,7.25μg/L,129.50μg/L in pollution area and they were higher than in control area (0.37μg/L,5.30μg/L,85.50μg/L) and there had statistic differences (P<0.01). The concentration of copper of cord blood was523.00μg/L in polluted zone and it was higher than controlled zone (488.00μg/L) and the difference was statistically (P<0.05). The concentration of nickel of cord blood was higher in pollution area than in control area but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).5. The results of analysis of TNF-a, VEGF and NO in plasma indicated:(1) TNF-a in maternal plasma was2.68ng/L in polluted area and it was higher than in controlled area (2.52ng/L) and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The concentration of VEGF in pollution area was lower than in control area but the difference was no statistically (P>0.05). The concentration of NO in pollution area was higher than in control area and it had no significant difference (P>0.05).(2) TNF-a of cord blood plasma in polluted area was2.73ng/L and it was higher than in controlled area (2.59ng/L) and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). VEGF was2.72ng/L in cord blood plasma in polluted area, it was2.89ng/L in controlled area and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). The concentration of NO in cord blood plasma in polluted area was lower than in control area but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05).(3) There were no statistic differences in TNF-a, VEGF and NO between maternal and cord blood plasma (P>0.05) in two areas. Conclusion:1. There were adverse effects to fetal growth and development when exposed to nickel contaminated environment with high levels of cobalt, arsenic and nickel during pregnancy.2. The higher expression of TNF-a and the lower expression of VEGF may be one of the mechanisms that the adverse effects to fetal growth and development who exposed to nickel contaminated environment with high levels of arsenic, cobalt, nickel, copper and selenium during pregnancy. |
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