Abnormalities During The Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Treatment-naive Patients With Major Depression Disorder

Objective:We explored differences of brain spontaneous activity in resting state between first-episode with depression, degree-first (before and after8-week antidepressant treatment)and controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to find the neural activity characteristics in depression and the relationship between the characteristics and symptoms of depression.Methods:25subjects with depression (before and after8-week antidepressant treatment) and25sex, age and education matched controls underwent HAMD24examination, RBANS examination and fMRI scans while resting state. ReHo and ALFF analysis were used to detect neural spontaneous activity across the whole brain by DPARSF. Two Sample T-Test(P<0.005), Paired T-test (P<0.005) and Simple Linear Regression Analysis (P<0.005), was performed by REST.Results:1.subjects:there were no significant different among MDD as well as control respect to age and gender as well as education.2. fMRI results:2.1untreated depression patients and controls2.1.1ReHo analysis:Compared to control, the ReHo of Medial Frontal Gyrus(R), Temporal_Sup_R, Angular Gyrus(R), Cerebellum Posterior Lobe(R),Thalamus(L), Temporal_Mid_L, Insula(L), Inferior Parietal Lobule(L), Precentral_L were significantly increased while the ReHo of Frontal_Med_Orb_L, Frontal_Sup_Orb_R, Temporal_Mid_R, Anterior Cingulate(R), Frontal_Inf_Oper_R, Inferior Parietal Lobule(R), Posterior Cingulate were significantly decreased in resting state in depression.2.1.2ALFF analysis:Compared to control, the ALFF of bilateral Cerebellum Posterior Lobe, Superior Frontal Gyrus(L), Inferior Frontal Gyrus(R), Middle Temporal Gyrus(L), Medial Frontal Gyrus(R), Inferior Parietal Lobule(L), Thalamus(L) were significantly increased while the ALFF of Lingual_R, Parahippocampa Gyrus(R), Temporal_Mid_R, PrecuneusL, Inferior Parietal Lobule(R), Frontal_Mid_R, Postcentral_R were significantly decreased in resting state in depression.2.2untreated depression patients and treated depression patients2.2.1ReHo analysis:Compared to the untreated patients, the ReHo of Superior Temporal Gyrus(R), Inferior Temporal Gyrus(R), Medial Frontal Gyrus(R), Precuneus(R), Cerebellum Posterior Lobe(R), Insula(L), Posterior Cingulate(L), Cingulum_Mid_L, Occipital_Sup_L, Inferior Parietal Lobule(L), Inferior Frontal Gyrus(L), Middle Temporal Gyrus(L) were significantly decreased while the ReHo of Postcentral_L, Medial Frontal Gyrus (L), Middle Temporal Gyrus(R), Inferior Frontal Gyrus (R), Middle Frontal Gyrus (R), Inferior Parietal Lobule(R), Cingulate Gyrus(R) were significantly increased in resting state in treated depression.2.2.2ALFF analysis:Compared to the untreated patients, The ALFF of Inferior Temporal Gyrus(L), Superior Frontal Gyrus(R), Inferior Frontal Gyrus(R), Frontal_Mid_R (aal), Parietal_Sup_R(aal) were significantly decreased while the ReHo of Inferior Frontal Gyrus (L), Posterior Cingulate(L), Cerebellum Anterior Lobe (L), Precuneus_R, Inferior Parietal Lobule(R) in resting state in treated depression compared to the treated patients.2.3treated depression patients and controls2.3.1ReHo analysis:Compared to control, the ReHo of Inferior Parietal Lobule(R), Precuneus(R) were significantly decreased in resting state in treated depression.2.3.2ALFF analysis:Compared to control, the ALFF of Cerebellum Posterior Lobe (L), Inferior Parietal Lobule(L), Medial Frontal Gyrus(R), were significantly increased while the ALFF of Inferior Parietal Lobule(R), Frontal_Mid_R, Cuneus(R) were significantly decreased in resting state in treated depression.2.4untreated depression patients and symptoms2.4.1ReHo and HAMD24:Positive correlation was find in Precentral L, Frontal_Mid_R, Inferior Parietal Lobule(L), negative correlation was find in Posterior Cingulate, Inferior Frontal Gyrus(R), Frontal_Mid_R.2.4.2ALFF and HAMD24:Positive correlation was find in Lingual Gyrus(L), Inferior Parietal Lobule(L).2.4.3ReHo and RBANS:Positive correlation was find in Middle Temporal Gyrus(R), Frontal_Mid_R, Frontal_Mid_L, Inferior Frontal Gyrus(L), Insula_L, negative correlation was find in Precentral R.2.4.4ALFF and RBANS:Positive correlation was find in Middle Frontal Gyrus(R), Posterior Cingulate R, Anterior Cingulate(R), Inferior Frontal Gyrus L, Middle Frontal Gyrus L, Medial Frontal Gyrus L, Precuneus_L.Conclusion:1. Compared to controls, abnormal activity within default mode network existed in depressed patients during resting state, which may be the neuro pathophylogical substrate of depression;2. After8-week antidepressant treatment, some of the abnormal regions within default mode network of untreated depressed patients recovered, which implied that the part of the abnormal activity within default mode network existed in depressed patients could be reversed by antidepressant treatment, and fMRI based on ReHo and ALFF could dynamic evaluation the effect of antidepressant treatment.3. Compared to the control, the treated depressed Patients still showed abnormal activities in some brain regions, which suggested that the dysfunction still existed in some brain regions after antidepressant treatment which may be the trait mark in depression and related to the relapse of depression.4. Positive or negative correlation between neuro activity and HAMD24and RBANS was find in depression.This give further support that the abnormal activity of these areas play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression.