Geographical And Social Linguistic Research On The Dialect In Yunshan Town,Jiangyong County Of Hunan Province

As an important part of the research for Jiangyong dialects, this paper takes administrative village as the basic unit and researches thirty-four villages of dialects belonging to Yunshan town, Jiangyong county from the geographical linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives including voice features, vocabulary, sentences and current usage condition to show on its inner differences from various aspects,which breaks the previous practice which research the piece of the dialects only.Furthermore, this paper analyses and compares the similarities and differences among Yunshan,Xiaopu, Xiacengpu and Huilongxu dialects from the point of language contraction.Though it is belong to Chengguan piece of the dialects of Jiangyong,there are quite number of the dialects of Yunshan be in the transition zone of Chengguan dialect and Xiacengpu dialect. Discussing it from the geographical linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives can not only enrich the research of language information of Jiangyong dialect, but also can let us have a deep understanding of it. Meanwhile, it also has important theoretical value to research language contraction and evolution.Analyze from a geographical linguistics perspective:In the voice features, Yunshan local dialect keep uniform characteristics on the tone system, the aspirated difference between voiced consonant Plosive and Affricate,the developments of Duan-mu(端母)and ZhiZhuangZhang-zu(知庄章组),the pronunciations of first and second class in Yao-yun(肴韵)of Xiao-she(效摄),the pronunciations of first-class in Tan-yun(谈韵)of Xian-she(�'�摄),and also the change in the positive rhyme. But there exist pronunciation differences over the geographic variation in the merger of individual Zhuo-shang(浊上), the pronunciation of consonant "d", Jing-zu(精组),and Bang-zu(帮组),whether the sharp and rounded sounds opposing, the bilabial keeping in non-synonymous letters, the pronunciations of first and second class in Yao-yun(肴韵)of Xiao-she(效摄),and the frist-class in Tan-yun(覃韵) of Xian-she(�'�摄)The geographical location, transport, administrative division and language contact become the main factors affecting the geographical distribution and historical development of Yunshan local dialect.In the vocabulary, such as the "father","stab (verb)" and "drill (verb.-hole)", the ways of saying them is consistent in Yunshan town. Others like animals words "spider","frog","ants ", and noun"hole", because of the differences of the natural geographical and cultural psychology in dialect village, there are a variety of views on the geographic space. There are two versions of old and new in the meaning of "Shake" and "bent", the old word is usually reserved from the old saying and the new word is newly emerging pronunciation which is affected by the Jiangyong-mandarin. Over the area there are two different pronunciation of personal pronoun "you", mainly reflects the difference in the voice inside.Analyze from sociolinguistic perspective:locals usually can speak two or more languages. At present, dialect is the most skilled local language, and Jiangyong-mandarin is the most widely used language. Due to the promotion and use of Mandarin, the proficiency of Jiangyong-mandarin of young people is worser than their last generation. The local have a strong sense of identity in dialect,which plays a vital role in keeping the dialect stability.The main reasons of social variation of dialect are age, cultural background, the administrative division, and language contact.