Study On Migrants’ Employment And Wage And The Impacts Of Residential Concentration On It

In the21st century, with the advance of industrialization and urbanization, the process of city-expansion in China has been accelerating. The expansion takes more and more rural land on the city edge, and the rural space as a result is gradually surrounded by a range of urban construction land. On the other hand, the vital development of manufacturing industry and the third industry has attracted more and more migrants into city. After the settlement of the migrants into city, they usually face the real problems of employment and living. And the related policies aimed at supporting the vulnerable groups, however, can’t help to settle the problems as the residency restrictions. The development of city in China presents a characteristic of a spatial urbanization rather than a real urbanization. The expansion of city is unable to offer the migrants the same treatment on residential policy with the local people. That the demand of living condition being meet in the urbanizing village in which the leasing business domains is the reason that the migrants’residential concentration forms. This study put this as an important factor to understand deeply the migrants’ employment and wage. Except the effects of human capital on the migrants’ employment and wage, the social relations which contains the spatial relations and blood relations also has a significant influence. And the urbanizing village can be treated as a platform of the social relations.This study concludes that the researches in China about the migrants’employment and wage are basically based on the human capital and social capital theory with the reviews the theory and literature on employment. On the present circumstance of urban development, the researches are unable to give better explanations of the topic without the spatial factor. This study trys to analysis the relations between the migrants’ residential concentration and their employment and wage based on the spatial mismatch hypothesis. And an empirical analysis is necessary on the base of the construction of theoretical assumptions and models.Using the econometric tools and a large sample data, this study constructs a Probit model and a Mincer model to analysis the residential concentration effecting the migrants’employment and wage. In the research, an endogeneity problem is found in the parameter estimation caused by the Simultaneity bias. The instrumental variables are used to solve the endogeneity problem by constructing an IV-Probit model and using2SLS estimation. With the1st test examing the validity of the instrumental variables, the significance of the estimation can be improved. The regression results shows:①the migrants’ residential concentration has a significantly positive effect on their employment and wage, meanwhile, males has an advantage than females over job seeking and so does the migrants living in Yangtze River Delta region and other regions;②the independent variables also has a positive impact on the migrants’ employment and wage, and as to other control variables, the research result is same with the previous literatures.The deeper reason that the urbanizing village exists is that a residential demand can be meet by an informal rental business without the support from Economic and institutional sides. And the conclusion indicates that the residential concentration in urbanizing village has a promotive impact on the migrants’employment and wage under the present developing circumstance, which is totally different from the common impression of the urbanizing village with a Unscientific urban planning and a terrific security environment. Moreover, Kain’s spatial mismatch hypothesis is proved unable to explain the urbanization status in China. So it is important for us to realize that a reconstruction plan of the urbanizing village is not an effective way to achieve the urbanizational goal. On the contrary, the importantly social function should be attached importance to realize the urbanization by integrating the social resources and completing the fulfillment of employment and housing security system.