The Study On The Doctor In The Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty established a complete health care system by using the medical system of Song and Jin dynasty for reference. The whole system contains a range of medical services agency,and every institutions have doctors who provide medical services.Overall,these doctors can be divided into official and unofficial healer.The official physicians include:the staffs of institutions belonging to Imperial Medical Academy, Zhanshi Institute,the emblem of the Executive Yuan Royal medical Institutions,the Executive secretariat and provinces,the Censorate,the Privy Council,the Great Imperial Clan Court,the prison department,the medicine service personnel in the Huimin Medicine Bureau in local counties,the Hall of Peaceful Pleasure.The official medical as the main body of all,the unofficials are scarcer than the official ones,such as the famous doctor,folk doctors who walk around,the female doctor who serve for women,the Monk Medical and Taoist Medical in religious places etc..The Yuan Dynasty has specialized management of doctors. The household engaged in medical activities are divided out and the government sets up specialized medical household. Medical households need undertaking certain taxes and corvee. Compared with other households,such as military, station, carpenter, salt and other households,the taxes and corvee burden of medical households are lighter. Furthermore,the government has systematic management of medical educators and medical students,including the appointment and arrangement of medical education staff and examination on the medical education personnel and medical students. In the medical subjects, the Yuan Dynasty learns the medical education courses of Song and Jin Dynasty setting up a "Thirteen subjects". The characteristics of the medical education in the Yuan Dynasty are the combination of medical education and the Three Emperors Temple(Sanhuang Miao).Fu Xi, Shen Nong, Huang Di were listed as the ancestors of medics in the Yuan Dynasty.Furthermore, the three sages were worshiped. The Three Emperor Temple can be used to worshiping, but also can be used as medical education places.The Three Emperor Temple stands the belief of doctors to certain extent.Sophisticated doctors have a chance to enter the official circle, firstly they becoming the medical officer,and then gradually promoted. Some medical officers can eventually become the senior civil service.The Yuan government also makes a provision that medical students are eligible to practice medicine only if they pass the examinations of all the subjects,while making provisions for the healer’s practice.The court awards the penalty doctrine for "fake doctors" who sell drugs and practice medicine but not familiar with medical skill. Moreover,the Yuan government bans women providing aborting services.There are also special provisions for the sale of poisons, this point is reflected in Yuan Drama.The way to study medicine in The Yuan Dynasty is not limited to the medical official education,self-study,the inheritance of ancestral family,follow the physician teacher to learn are common training methods.Historians believe that the grade of medical officer is higher in the Yuan Dynasty,the status of doctor in the 10-social-estate system is generally.The confucian physician,the discourse of good doctor and good prime minister reflect the scholars accept doctor.The quack in the Yuan Drama have a poor image,but it reflects the omissions of medical management in the Yuan Dynasty.