Based On An Egg Mei Country, Fuzhou, Changsha Dialect Tone Experimental Research

This paper concentrates on the tone of dialects of Meixian,Fuzhou,Changsha by the method of experiment.It includes studies on the mono-syllable and the bi-syllable tone from pitch and duration. And It also includes studies on phonation types.The experimental studies extract FO data of the word EGG signal of Meixian, Fuzhou, Changsha dialect using the Real-Time EGG Analysis software.It extracts20FO data in every word segment by the MATLAB7.1program. In this process,the acoustic data such as FO and duration are firstly collected;and the normalization of these data is then conducted. We can get the conclusions that (1)Meixian’s mono-syllable tone pattern got in the experiments is that Yinping is44, Yangping is21, Shangsheng is31, Qusheng is52, yinru is32,Yangru is5.The duration pattern of mono-syllale tone is Yinping>Yangping> Shangsheng>Qusheng>Yinru>Yangru.(2)Fuzhou’s mono-syllable tone pattern got in the experiments is that Yinping is55. Yangping is52, Shangsheng is32, Yinqu is31, Yangqu is342,Yinru is24,Yangru is5.The duration pattern of mono-syllale tone isYangqu> Yinping>Yinqu>Shangsheng>Yangping>yinru>Yangru.(3)Changsha’s mono-syllable tone pattern got in the experiments is that Yinping is33,Yangping is213, Shangsheng is41,Yinqu is45,Yangqu is21,Rusheng is24.The duration pattern of mono-syllale tone is Yangping>Rusheng> Yinping> Shangsheng>Yangqu>Yinqu.This experiment studies the bi-syllable tone from pitch and duration.In this process, the acoustic data of bi-syllable tone,such as FO and duration,are firstly collected; and the normalization of these data is conducted. We can get the conclusions that (1)The bi-syllable tone types of Meixian dialect are:the former word will change tone,but the after one not.Yinping,Shangsheng and Qusheng will change tone when they go after the lower tone, such as Yangping, Shangsheng and Yinru. Yinping will change the flat tone44to the rising tone35;Shangsheng will chang the falling tone31to the flat tone33; Qusheng will change the hign falling tone52to the hign flat tone55.Yangping and Yinru will slightly change tone when they go after the others.Yangping will change the lower falling tone21to the lower flat tone22,Yinru will raise32tone to43.(2)The bi-syllable tone types of Fuzhou dialect are:the former word will change tone,but the after one not.Yinping55has another54tone.Yangping52will change to44,33tones.Shangsheng32will change to33,34,55tones.Yinqu and Yangqu are unified in the bi-syllable tone,will change to44,53tones.Yinru24will change to55,32,43.44,53tones.Yangru5will change to44,33 tones.(3)The bi-syllable tone types of Changsha dialect are:Shangsheng and Yangping will change the tone in the bi-syllable tone, Yangqu is parted to two kinds before Yinqu and after Yangping.Shangsheng will change41tone to43tone,Yangping will change the angle tone213to the lower rising tone23when it is as the former and the latter.This paper gets a criterion of differentiating phonation types of Chinese dialects in the comparison theory of linguistics,after analyzing all kinds of datas of different phonation types.We contrast to open quotient,open phase/closed phase,jitter and speed so on, among of them open quotient is the first. We contrast modal voice to other voices, modal voice is the standard, breathy voice is right of modal voice and creaky voice is left of modal voice. We can differentiate voice with high pitch using glottis,frequency and speed quotient.We research on phonation types of the tone of Meixian,Fuzhou,Changsha dialect,usingthe datas that is got in criterion-level method and DEGG method.We can get the conclusions that (1) The lax tones of Meixian dialect are modal voice,but Yinping and Shangsheng will change modal voice to breathy voice at the final syllable.Yinru is breathy voice.Yangru is creaky voice.(2)The lax tones of Fuzhou dialect are modal voice,but Yinping,Shangsheng and Yinqu will change modal voice to breathy voice at the final syllable.Yinru1is breathy voice. Yinru2and Yangru will change modal voice to creaky voice by the glottal stop coda [-?] influence.(3)Yinping,Yangping, Shangsheng,Yangqu and Rusheng of Changsha dialect are modal voice,but will change modal voice to breathy voice at the final syllable.Yinqu is voice with high pitch.Voice features of Rusheng of of nine Chinese dialects can contrast to Shusheng from open quotient and open phase/closed phase of the phonation. The stop coda and glottal stop coda will influence the phonation of the near vowel, that make open quotient, the open phase/closed phase decreased, sometimes will make phonation type changed. The conclusions that Yinru of Meixian dialect is breathy voice, Yangru is creaky voice. Yinru of Fuzhou dialect is breathy voice, Yangru and part of Yinru change modal voice into creaky voice. Rusheng of Jixi and Nangchang dialect change modal voice into creaky voice.Guangzhou and Wenzhou dialect is modal voice. Rusheng of Changsha and Taiyuan dialect change modal voice into breathy voice.