Evaluation Of Human Settlements Quality At The Residential Area Scale Based On GIS

With the acceleration of urbanization process,the residential construction of cities and suburbs has also flourished.Its numbers and types have rapidly increased and reveal a diversified feature.At the same time,the requirement of people on residential area has changed from the traditional idea of "one house is enough" to pursuing high-quality human settlements.Researchers have conducted a large number of studies on human settlements,but these studies mainly focused on the macroscopic scale,such as the national scale,regional scale,while the human settlements studies based on a microscopic scale like residential area scale are relatively few.Besides,the development and popularization of GIS and RS techniques make the real-time evaluation index data available,thus providing a support to carrying out human settlements studies from this scale.Taking Yixing city as the research area,based on the data source derived Website of Map World,this paper analyzes the human settlements of urban residential area at first.Under the direction of human settlements theory,from two aspects including internal environment and external environment of residential area,we choose ten indexes to establish a human settlements evaluation index system on the residential area scale.Then,with the help of GIS software,we extract human settlements index data values and ensure the index weight by analytical hierarchy process so as to evaluate eleven different types of residential area human settlements in the main urban area of Yixing city.And also deeply analyze the evaluation result from aspects of general pattern,internal diversity and the like.Thirdly,based on the aforesaid studies,from macroscopic urban planning to microcosmic residential renovation,we have put forward comprehensive and feasible suggestions toward improving human settlements so as to make the human settlements evaluation process become a practical operating instruction to promote living conditions.Based on the human settlements,from the microcosmic level,this paper has established a set of index system that is relatively easy,with strong operability and can truly reveal the conditions of human settlements in the residential area.The human settlements of residential area in Yixing city is divided into two subsystems,namely,internal environment and external environment.The indexes indicating the residential internal environment include greenery coverage rate,coefficient of sunshine spacing,building density,plot ratio and complete degree of supporting service facilities in and around the residential area.Indexes of residential external environment include prosperous degree of business service,influence degree of medical facilities,availability of recreation facilities,influence degree of educational facilities and road accessibility.At the same time,under the support of GIS analytical technique,we acquire the plane structure and relevant information of each residential area through man-machine interaction and obtain the indexes of residential external environment by spatial analysis method.The human settlements quality evaluation of eleven residential areas in Yixing city indicates that the residential environment quality has appeared a decreasing trend from the downtown to the suburb,a relatively high score in the eastern new district and relatively low scores in the north suburb of the city and urban village.As for the systematic coordination degree,Wanda Residence belongs to a high-score coordinated type.Its development sustainability of human settlements is relatively strong.Two aspects of residential human settlements of Park Road Community,Fengze Garden,Ximu New Residence,Guanghui Garden,Eastern Suburb Stage A and the like are not balanced.According to the score of each evaluation index,Guanghui Garden and Eastern Suburb Stage A,these resettlement residential areas generally have bad accessibility in large-scale commercial facilities,medical facilities and recreation facilities.Thus,the employment opportunity and exchange opportunity of residents in these areas are reduced.It may cause a marginalization of resettlement residents.In addition,Eastern Suburb Stage A has presented a difficulty in attending school.The local government should pay more attentionand urge relevant departments to improve educational facilities as soon as possible.Those old residential areas like Park Road Community and Yangquan Community have problems of over-high building density and very low greenery coverage rate and coefficient of sunshine spacing.The phenomenon of privately and disorderly constructing illegal buildings is very serious.So the renovation should target at solving the functionality problem of residential area.The residential area in urban village reveals features of low plot ratio,low greenery coverage rate,high building density and low coefficient of sunshine spacing.And its parking,security and sports facilities are insufficient.However,the new-type residential area like Wanda Residence also faces a shortage of China Telecom and CMCC service points and bus stations.