Prevalence Of Hypertension And It’s Associated Factors Among Youngth In Chongqing

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the positive rate of hypertension and pre-hypertension among youths and young adults in Chongqing City.The purpose of the large survey is to find out it’s risk factors among youth residents in Chongqing,and provide scientific reference for developing effective prevention and control strategies against hypertension.Methods: 11773 subjects were selected using multistage random sampling.The recruitment criteria included:(1)subjects aged 15-44 years old and(2)subjects who had been living in the eight selected districts for more than one year.Data collection included two parts.The initial one was questionnaire,which had assessed basic personal information,lifestyle and behavior,history of disease and family history,followed by physical examination.Height,weight,waist,basic metabolism,percentage of body fat,the index of visceral adipose and blood pressure were examined physically.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0 software.Numerical variables are reported as mean±1SD and categorical variables as percent.Qualitative variables were compared using the χ2 test and χ2 for trend.Quantitative variables were compared using the t test.Logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval(95% CI)were used to evaluate the association between hypertension and the risk factors.A p-value <0.05 and 95% CI≠1 was considered as being statistically significant.Results:1.The analysis of basic informationAfter excluding 34 unqualified questionnaires,there were 8207 respondents recruited to participate in this study.The mean age of them was 29.87±8.69 years and 50.08%(4110/8207)of the respondents were male.There were 49.40%(4069/8207)participants living in urban,while 50.60%(4138/8207)in rural place.Among them,the highest proportion of education was junior high school(9.13%).Moreover,the highest proportion of occupation is agricultural laborers(50.14%).And meanwhile,most people were married /remarried/ in the state of cohabitation(68.77%).2.The life behavior of respondents(1)Smoking:The smoking rate was 20.49%(1682/8207).The smoking rate in males was 40.34% higher than 0.59% in females obviously(P<0.001).The age-specific rates of smoking that increases steadily along with age.Besides,the smoking rate in urban was higher than in rural,and higher educated people had a lower smoking rate.Management technician had a highest smoking rate.People who had been separated/divorced/widowed showed higher smoking rate relative to Unmarried people.(2)Drinking:The drinking rate was 21.69%(1780/8207).The drinking rate in males was 37.88% higher than 5.44% in females obviously(P<0.001).The age-specific rates of drinking that increases steadily along with age.The highest drinking rates were in people with education level of bachelor’s degree and above(26.68%),however,the education level of High school/Technical secondary school had the lowest drinking rates.Management and technical workers had a highest drinking rate(34.76%).People who had been separated/divorced/widowed showed higher drinking rate relative to unmarried people.(3)Physical activity:The daily Metabolic Equivalent of Energy(MET)in respondents was 12.62.Men had more body activity intensity than women.The activity intensity in rural was higher than that in urban.As the age increased,the body activity intensity were increased.The education level of primary school had the highest MET.Agricultural workers had a highest activity intensity.People who had been separated/divorced/widowed showed higher MET relative to unmarried people.(4)Overweight and obesity: In the study population,the rate of overweight was 24.32%(1996/8207),and the rate of obesity was 6.28%(515/8207).The overweight rate and obesity rate in urban were obviously higher than rural,so as to male compared to female.As the age increased,the overweight rate and obesity rate were increased.The rate of overweight in industrial and service personnel was higher than any other occupations.Management and technical workers had the highest obesity rate.The overweight rate and obesity rate in the people who had married were obviously higher than the unmarried people.3.The prevalence rate of hypertensionThe prevalence of hypertension was 5.24%(430/8207).The mean age of the hypertension people was 35.99 ± 7.6 years.The age-specific prevalence rates of hypertension that increases steadily along with age(P for trend <0.001).The prevalence of hypertension in males was 6.25% higher than 4.22% in females obviously(P<0.01).The awareness rate of hypertension was 13.95%(60/430).The awareness rate of hypertension in female was higher than females,and so as to the rural compared to the urban.The awareness rate of hypertension that increases steadily along with age.The highest awareness rate of hypertension was in people with education level of illiteracy.Management and technical workers had a highest awareness rate of hypertension.People who had married showed higher awareness rate relative to unmarried people.There were 8110 people who reported that they didn’t have hypertension or didn’t know whether they have hypertension.After physical examination,there were 370 people who have hypertension,the detection rate was 4.56%,accounting for 86.05% of all proportion of high blood pressure.4.Analysis of influence factors of hypertensionMultiple logistic model revealed that age,overweight/obesity and drinking were the possible risk factors of hypertension,however,female,high level of education and high body activity intensity were the protective factors.5.The prevalence rate of prehypertensionThe prevalence of prehypertension was 49.22%(3828/7777).The mean age of the prehypertension people was 30.90 ± 8.4 years.The age-specific prevalence rates of prehypertension that increases steadily along with age(P for trend <0.01).The prevalence of prehypertension in males was higher than that in females obviously(P<0.05).6.Analysis of influence factors of prehypertensionMultiple logistic model revealed that age,marriage,overweight/obesity and drinking were the possible risk factors of prehypertension,however,female,urban were the protective factors.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in Chongqing youth population is lower than the national average,but still relatively high.Compared with other majority of major urban population in China,there is a big gap in the awareness rate of hypertension.The detection rate of prehypertension was higher than that of many provinces and cities in China.Population unhealthy behavior prevails,overweight,obesity rate higher than the national level in 2002.Age,overweight/obesity,drinking female,high level of education and high body activity intensity were the influencing factors of hypertension among youth residents in Chongqing.However,age,marriage,overweight/obesity,drinking,female and urban were the influencing factors of prehypertension among youth residents in Chongqing.