| ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu city,analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors;Through comprehensive interventions on mild and moderate myopia in health education,behavioral intervention,environmental intervention and individual intervention,to explore the impact of comprehensive intervention on students’ vision and provide scientific basis for the implementation of future myopia prevention and control in the region.Methods1.A stratified cluster random sampling survey was used to randomly sample first-grade to sixth-grade students from 4 primary schools in Xindu district,and 3classes was taken from each grade to perform eye examinations(including naked vision,mydriasis optometry,intraocular pressure,slit lamp examination and fundus examination),established strict inclusion criteria,exclusion criteria,and then issuing self-made questionnaires for pupils’ vision in Xindu District,for students who meet the inclusion criteria.Survey content for statistical analysis.2.Myopia epidemiology statistical analysis content from 4 primary school after the completion of this survey were randomly selected in a school of mild and moderate myopia,100 patients met the inclusion criteria of students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 50 cases in each group,the experimental group received comprehensive intervention measures(health education,behavior intervention environmental intervention and individual intervention),the control group for school health education.The intervention time was 1 years(September 2016-2017September),and analysis of changes after intervention between the two groups of students in naked vision.3.Using the Excel software to enter the survey data,SPSS21.0 statistical software for data analysis,count data n%,myopia and non-myopia group factors are compared by chi-square test,the influencing factors of the myopia group was analyzed by logistic regression;the measurement data were expressed as x ±s,the data satisfied the normality,4.the independent sample t test was used for the comparison between groups,but not by normality,the median(quartile)was used,and the comparison between groups was performed with Mann-Whitney U test;according to the test level p <0.05 that the difference was statistically significant.Results1.There are 3,324 students participated in the survey,aged 6-13 years,with an average age of(8.88±1.78)years,1124 students with myopia,and the prevalence rate of myopia was 33.8%.2.Among the surveyed students,the female myopia prevalence was 40.4%,and the male myopia prevalence was 26.4%.The difference was statistically significant between the two(p<0.05);3.The first-grade students’ myopia prevalence was 11.9%,and the sixth-grade students’ myopia prevalence was 63.6%.Students’ myopia prevalence was increased with the grade increasing,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);4.The prevalence of students aged 6-7 years、8-9years、10-13 years were 12.4%、27.8%、56.3%.As the age increases,Student’s myopia prevalence also increased with the age increasing,and the difference is statistically significant(p<0.05);5.The single factor analysis of myopia found that: rarely eat fruits、vegetables and milk,parents rarely supervise and remind students to use their eye habits,at home to see writing light dim,continuous homework and reading time >1 hour,shorter sleep time,Little extra-curricular activities,few outdoor activities during class breaks or do fewer eye exercises,lying reading or reading books in a rocking car frequently,incorrect reading postures,and high myopia in both parents;6.Multi-factor regression analysis found that grade,gender,parental supervision and reminding eye habits,reading light at home,continuous homework and reading time,extracurricular activities time,lying reading or reading in a rocking car,reading writing posture 、 parental myopia are independent influencing factors of myopia.Among them,parental supervision and reminding eye habits is an independent protective factor.The rest of the indicators are independent risk factors.7.Comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the visual acuity ofstudents.ConclusionBy investigating the epidemiology of myopia among pupils in Xindu District,it has been found that the pupils have a high prevalence and are related to the use of eye habits,reading and writing postures,extracurricular activity time and other factors.According to these factors,we can conduct comprehensive intervention to students with mild and moderate myopia,and found that this measure can effectively delay the occurrence and progress of myopia and provide a certain basis for the future development of myopia prevention and control in the region. |
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