Study Of Myopia Status And Influencing Factors Among Primary School Students In A School In Changde City,Hunan Province

Objective:Myopia has become a global public health problem.It will not only harm the body and mind of patients,affect their daily life,but also hinder the development of the country and society.And since the occurrence of Corona Virus Disease 2019,the myopia rate of students in many places has increased.The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of primary school students’myopia in a school in Changde City,Hunan Province in 2021,and analyze the factors leading to myopia,so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence and development of primary school students’myopia.Methods:Through the method of cluster random sampling,all primary school students in a school in Changde city,Hunan Province from September to December 2021 were selected.Information was collected on students’demographic characteristics,use of their eyes and outdoor activities during COVID-19,academic stress,sleep and diet.The data were collected by school physical examination combined with questionnaire survey,and the database was established by Epidata3.1.The statistical analysis takes 0.05 as the test level and adopts spss25.0 the meaningful variables in the univariateX~2 test were included in the multivariate binary logistic regression model.The interaction between the significant behavioral factors in the results of multivariate analysis and the genetic history of myopia was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results:(1)A total of 2217 primary school students were included in the study,of which the proportion of male to female was about 3:2.The age distribution was 6～13 years old,and the proportion of students from grade one to grade six was similar.In the study population,690 people were found to be short-sighted,with a myopia rate of 31.1%,and 490people wore glasses,with a glasses rate of 22.1%.(2)Results of multivariate analysis:Grade 3(OR=3.970,95%CI:2.608-6.041),grade 4(OR=6.051,95%CI:3.904-9.378),grade 5(OR=7.348,95%CI:4.749-11.370),grade 6(OR=12.913,95%CI:8.281-20.137),myopia of one parent(OR=2.036,95%CI:1.607-2.579),myopia of both parents(OR=3.838,95%CI:2.913-5.057).The time for writing homework every night is more than 2 hours(OR=1.660,95%CI:1.085-2.539),Occasional regular rest during learning(OR=1.438,95%CI:1.167-1.771),irregular rest during learning(OR=2.310,95%CI:1.256-4.247)and frequent occurrence of bad eye using behavior(OR=1.912,95%CI:1.152-3.174)were risk factors for myopia in primary school students.When using electronic equipment,the distance from the electronic equipment meets the standard(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.579-0.945),when reading and writing,the distance from the book meets the standard(OR=0.792,95%CI:0.630-0.996),the use of the same room lighting in home learning(OR=0.675,95%CI:0.544-0.837),and the way of extracurricular activities(OR=0.718,95%CI:0.535-0.965)is the protective factor for primary school students’myopia.(3)The results of interaction analysis showed that there was a super multiplier interaction between both parents’myopia and lamp lighting at home(OR=1.916,95%CI:1.093-3.357).When both parents’myopia and lamp lighting were present at the same time,the risk of myopia in primary school students increased(OR=5.131,95%CI:3.588-7.337).Conclusions:(1)The results of this study show that in 2021,the myopia detection rate of primary school students in Changde City,Hunan Province was31.1%,slightly lower than the national average,and the myopia detection rate of grade 1 to 3 was higher than the level of Changde city in 2007.(2)The occurrence of myopia in primary school students is related to such factors as grade elevation,myopia of one or both parents,too close to electronic equipment when using electronic equipment,too close to books when reading and writing,more than 2h of homework every night,occasional or irregular rest in the learning process,frequent occurrence of bad eye using behavior,using desk lamps as lighting during learning and the activity of reading in the classroom during recess.(3)There was a super multiplicative interaction between both parents’nearsightedness and the use of desk lamp as illumination during learning.