The Study On The Adverbs In Linxi Dialect Of Hebei

The adverbs,having high frequency,are widely used,whose functions and usages are complex and varied.It is an important part of word class system of modern Chinese.Adverbs in Chinese dialects are rich and all have their own characteristics,which plays a very important role in the human communication and expression.Different dialects have different adverb systems,showing different dialect characteristics,so the adverbs of dialect have great research value.Based on the existing research materials,we conducted a comprehensive collection of Linxi dialect,finding that the content about adverbs in Linxi dialect are mainly focused on some Mandarin popularizing materials or the dialect part of Linxi’s county annals.In terms of content,some records or materials are comprehensively taking care of the whole adverb system,but have no classification and illustration;some are only listing individual characteristic adverbs,failing to conduct a systematically analysis and detailed discussion.In addition,the researches of Linxi dialect have just started and studies are mostly focused on phonetics,and the researches of grammar are relatively weak.We believe that the study of adverbs in Linxi dialect is of great research space.On the basis of previous studies,and drawing lessons from the researches of adverbs in Mandarin and other dialects,this paper makes a exhaustive collection,detailed description and comparison of adverbs in Linxi dialect by using the methods of description,analysis and comparison.First of all,in the synchronic level,from three planes:syntax,semantic and pragmatic,we conduct a comprehensive analysis and description of characteristic adverbs in Linxi dialect of all B groups,and compare with the corresponding adverbs in Mandarin,peripheral dialects and other dialects.Secondly,in the diachronic level,combining with some grammar theories and historical documents,we investigate the causes of formation of adverbs in Linxi dialect.There are four chapters in this paper:Chapter one:introduction.In this chapter,it is mainly introducing the general situation of human geography and the studies of Linxi dialect in Linxi county;introducing the general situation of the study of adverbs in other Chinese dialects and the study of adverbs in Linxi dialect.In addition,we also explain the research objects,research methods,research significance and the corpus source,style,etc.Chapter two:the classified description and comparison of the adverbs in Linxi dialect.Referring to the previous views and combining the actual situation,we use the classification methods of Hu Yushu(1979:300-301)and divide adverbs in Linxi dialect into six categories:degree adverbs,time frequency adverbs,modal adverbs,manner adverbs,scope adverbs and negative adverbs.Under the large category of each adverb,some small classes are separated from the specific circumstances.On the basis of the comparison results between Linxi dialect,Mandarin,peripheral dialects and other dialects,we divide all the members of each adverb class into two groups,and mainly study the characteristic adverbs in Linxi dialect in all B groups.For the characteristic adverbs in Linxi dialect in all B groups,we analyze and describe from the three planes:syntax,semantic and pragmatic,and compare them with Mandarin and peripheral dialects and other dialects.In section 1,the degree adverbs in Linxi dialect,we focus on four adverbs of high degree "杠[kaη53]" "稀[(?)i24]" "蹦[peη213]" "棱[leη24]" and two adverbs of low degree“不咋儿[pu213-21·tsar]" "不大 i[pu213-21tai213]".In section 2,the time frequency adverbs in Linxi dialect,we mainly study eight time adverbs" 随着[suei53·tg(?)]} "一展[i53tsan44]""紧着[t(?)in44·ts(?)" "早啦[tsau44·la]""如常[lu213-21tshaη53]" "门莫儿[men53mer24]" "严1[ian44]" "想[(?)iaη44]"and four adverbs of frequency " 成会儿[ts h eη53xuer24]" "会儿会儿[xuer213-21xuer24]" " 见莫儿[t(?)ian213-21mer24]" "莫莫儿少[mer213-21mer24]".In section 3,we divide modal adverbs in Linxi dialect into four types:inference,will,emotion and evaluation,and separately discuss four adverbs "保不[pau44·pu]" "眊着[mau44·ts(?)]" "争(一)点儿[tseη24 · itiar44]" "甭提[piη53t h i53]" in inference class,two adverbs "贵贱[kuei213-21t(?)ian213]" "惯得[kuan213-21·tei]" in will class,five adverbs"·可 2[khe44]" "尤先[ieu53·(?)ian]" "专 tsuan24]" "现[(?)ian213]" "着紧[tsau213-21 tcin213]" in emotion class,and the three adverbs:急着[t(?)i24·ts(?)]""乔"[tchiau24]" "严 2[ian44]" in evaluation class.In section 4,adverbs of other types in Linxi dialect,we mainly study three manner adverbs "对意儿[tei44tcier53/tei213-21ier24]" "净心[t(?)iη213-21cin24]" "单2[tan24]",four scope adverbs "一缠[i44tsh an53]" "提另[thi44liη213]" "尽力儿[t(?)in213-21lier213]""顶着[tiη44-ts(?)]"and one negative adverb "甭[piη53]".Chapter three:observing the adverbs in Linxi dialect from the perspective of language evolution.We,using theories about adverbs "generation and change"from"The Research of Modern Chinese Adverbs"(2014:379),Zhang Yisheng,combining with some related historical documents and materials,find that there are three main reasons:lexicalization and grammaticalization,phonetics change and preserving the ancient,then we mainly study "单 2[tan24]" "随着[suei53·ts(?)]""眊着[mau44·ts(?)]"甭提[piη53thi53]" "惯得[kuan213-21·tei]" "蹦[peη213]" "一展[i53tsan44]" "保不[pau44·pp]" "着紧[tsau213-21tcin213]" "紧着[t(?)in44·ts(?)]" "急着[t(?)i24·ts(?)]" in three sections.Chapter four:the conclusion.This chapter is a summary of the whole article,we have conducted forty adverbs(six degree adverbs,twelve time frequency adverbs,fourteen modal adverbs,three manner adverbs,four scope adverbs and one negative adverb)in Linxi dialect,by description and comparison in synchronic level,analyzation and discussion in diachronic level.Then we sum up the characteristics of adverbs in Linxi dialect,and point out some shortcomings about this paper.