Research On Cutting Mechanism Of CNC Machine Tools And Development Of Test And Analysis System

With the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution wave,benefiting from the rapid development of China's automobile,aerospace,marine equipment,electrical equipment,industrial machinery,machine tools as the "mother of industry" has developed rapidly.Among them,CNC machine tools,which are mainstream machining equipment,occupy a high market share.However,with the social requirements for the high-speed,high-efficiency,precision,intelligence,compound,green,multi-axis linkage,and network communication of CNC machine tools,CNC machines can better solve the processing problems of complex,precise,and multi-component parts.At the same time to ensure the quality of the workpiece processing,research and testing of the cutting state of CNC machine tools processing process becomes more and more important.Based on the above requirements,this paper researched and designed a set of CNC machine tool cutting monitoring system based on virtual instruments.The specific work content is as follows:Firstly,based on reviewing a large number of domestic and foreign literatures,the main monitoring contents and test methods of modern machine tool testing are discussed,and the cutting temperature and cutting force are selected as the main monitoring objects of the cutting machining testing and analysis system of the CNC machine tool.Secondly,the relevant machine tool testing theory of the test and analysis system of this topic is described.Taking the cutting force monitoring and virtual instrument system of cutting force and cutting temperature as the development goal,the hardware system of cutting processing testing system was designed and the working principle of each hardware part was discussed.In terms of cutting force testing,a DC-coupled reference circuit was developed based on the PCB 260A01 piezoelectric sensor to complete the test and measurement requirements for the static and dynamic components of the cutting force of the cutting machining test system.The natural thermocouple part uses mercury slip.The ring method completes the transmission of the temperature signal from the rotating part to the collection equipment,which improves the lack of the temperature signal transmission mode of mercury troughs and brushes in the traditional natural thermocouple assembly method;it also introduces the infrared thermal imager temperature measurement technology into the machining of the machine tool.The monitoring system has made a preliminary exploration of the application of infrared temperature measurement technology in the machining process monitoring of machine tools;Again,combined with the existing hardware system basis and testing system requirements,a cutting processing experiment software system was developed,which mainly includes three modules: data acquisition,data processing,and experiment.The software module mainly realizes the instrument initialization,data acquisition,display,storage,query,read,generate and print report functions.At the same time,based on the data acquisition module development and design of cutting experiment piezoelectric dynamometer calibration experiment module,natural thermocouple calibration experiment module,blade emissivity calibration experiment module,cutting force empirical formula calibration module,cutting temperature empirical formula calibration module;Finally,calibration experiments and orthogonal cutting experiments were performed to calibrate the piezoelectric dynamometer,natural thermocouple,and infrared thermal imager.Combined with the change of cutting amount in the cutting process,the cutting machining experimental data was analyzed,and the cutting force and cutting temperature of the orthogonal cutting experiment were changed with the cutting amount.At the same time,the significance and analysis of the influence of various factors on the cutting force and cutting temperature were obtained to make a contribution to the optimization of the tool cutting amount,the reduction of the tool wear,and the optimization design of the tool during the actual production and processing.