| Tropospheric ozone is the main product of photochemical smog pollution.It is one of the most important atmospheric pollutants in China and has become the focus of attention of government departments and the public.In recent years,due to the rapid economic development,the emission of NOx and VOCs from ozone precursors has increased,leading to an increase in ozone concentration in the atmosphere.Due to the strong oxidizing property of ozone,ozone pollution will not only endanger human health,but also affect the growth of crops through the stomata of the leaf surface.China is a country with a large population and a big producer of agriculture.Ozone stress can endanger people’s health,causing crop yields reduction and food security problems.This study uses near-surface ozone pollution as the research object.Based on the ozone concentration data simulated by WRF-CMAQ,it is mainly divided into two parts for research.The first part is epidemiological research method.The death terminal caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)is the research object of the health terminal,the epidemiological cohort study results,high-resolution population distribution data,and points.Based on the provincial baseline prevalence data,etc.,the number of premature deaths due to near-surface ozone pollution in 2014 and its regional distribution characteristics were studied.Furthermore,using the Value of Statistical Life(VSL)theory and data,the economic losses of China’s ozone health burden are analyzed.On the other hand,based on the ArcGIS platform,the ozone dose-yield response model was used to calculate the assessment index AOT40(Accumulated Exposure over a Threshold Ozone Concentration of 40 ppb)in combination with the county’s main food crops(winter wheat,rice,and maize).The yield data calculates the Relative Yield Loss(RYL)and Crop Production Loss(CPL)for each county and summarizes the yield loss of food crops in different regions of the country.Combined with the minimum purchase price in the domestic market in 2014,the economic loss of crops was calculated.The main conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone concentration,the annual average concentration of ozone in 2014 was 42.49 ppb.The average annual ozone concentration in China is high in the central and western regions,and low in the east.The average annual ozone concentration in central and western China exceeds 50 ppb.From the perspective of seasonal changes,the average ozone concentration was highest in summer,followed by spring,autumn and winter.The concentration is highest in the eastern part of the summer,while in other seasons it is higher in the western part than in the eastern part.In spring,the ozone concentration in Chengdu-Chongqing area is relatively high,which is higher than 50 ppb,and that of Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai,Shaanxi,Guizhou,and Ningxia is also more than 50 ppb.In winter,the average ozone concentration in most parts of eastern China is below 30 ppb.Ozone concentration in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region is not obvious in the four seasons,they are all around 40-50 ppb,higher in winter and spring,and lower in summer.(2)From the health effects of ozone,the total number of premature deaths due to near-ground ozone pollution in China was approximately 89,390 in 2014,and the four provinces with the highest number of premature deaths due to ozone pollution were Sichuan(14,156),Shandong(7,254),Henan(6,719),and Hunan(5,323).The total number of premature deaths together accounted for 37%of the country’s total,and the total population accounts for only 25%of the country’s total population.The death was the lowest in Ningxia(247),Hainan(175)and Tibet(42).(3)Current ozone pollution in China can lead to a 29%(21-39%)relative winter wheat yield loss,17%(13-23%)in double-early rice,and 12%(8-15%)in single rice.Double-late rice is 11%(8-14%)and maize is 4.5%(3-6%).Combined with the actual total grain output,the output losses of winter wheat,rice and corn were 40 million tons,28.3 million tons and 9.9 million tons,respectively.In 2014,the total output loss of major grain crops in China was 78.2 million tons.(4)As the economic loss,the health and economic loss caused by ozone pollution in 2014 was approximately 807.2 billion yuan,accounting for 1.27%of GDP in the current year,and it was 76.3%of the total government health expenditure in 2014.On the other hand,the total economic loss of the main food crops(winter wheat,rice,and corn)due to ozone pollution was about 204.8 billion.The total economic loss accounted for 3.7%of China’s total agricultural output in 2014.In 2014,China’s total ozone-related health and agricultural economic losses were approximately 1.012 trillion yuan,accounting for 1.6%of the total GDP in 2014.In some areas,it is not only a province where grain crops are grown,but also a large population,such as Sichuan,Shandong,and Henan,where losses are relatively large.Therefore,the prevention and control of ozone pollution in China needs to pay attention to the following issues:Firstly,the seasonal variation of ozone concentration has certain regularity.From the perspective of seasonal distribution,the control of ozone pollution should be strengthened in summer and autumn.Secondly,in addition to taking into account the human influencing factors of ozone formation,the existence of natural background values should not be overlooked.We should increase the emphasis and research on areas with high ozone background concentrations.Finally,from the perspective of adaptation,we can reasonably adjust the scale of crop cultivation in low-level ozone-contaminated areas,such as Heilongjiang province,and we should carefully study and consider crop cultivation in regions with severe ozone pollution,and thus better avoid ozone pollution on agriculture. |
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