Study On The Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Ozone Pollution And Health Impact Assessment In China

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China,a large amount of ozone precursor pollutants such as NOx and VOCs are discharged into the atmosphere,leading to a gradual increase in the ozone concentration near the ground in China,and the deterioration of ozone pollution,posing a serious impact on human health.Exploring the temporal and spatial patterns of ozone pollution in China,revealing its key influencing factors,and assessing the impact of ozone pollution on human health is of great significance to systematically understand the temporal and spatial evolution mechanism and health effects of ozone pollution,and to formulate targeted prevention and control countermeasures.This article takes the mainland of China and major urban agglomerations as the research objects.Firstly,analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of ozone pollution in China from 2015 to2019 and its influencing factors;secondly,using the Ben MAP-CE environmental benefit evaluation model,combined with the health impact function and value measurement function,the health effects and health economic losses of ozone pollution in China are evaluated;finally,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of ozone pollution in China.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）From 2015 to 2019,the annual evaluation value of ozone concentration in China showed an upward trend and then a downward trend.The annual evaluation value of ozone in cities across the country showed a downward trend and then an upward trend.The ozone compliance rate in major urban agglomerations was lower than the overall national level.The monthly average ozone concentration in China has significant seasonal characteristics.The ozone concentration in June and July is relatively high,while the ozone concentration in January,February,November and December is relatively low.The monthly average ozone concentration from May to September is basically higher than 100ug/m³,and with the passage of time,the ozone concentration value in autumn and winter shows an increasing trend.（2）From 2015 to 2019,the distribution range of areas with high ozone concentrations in China has gradually expanded from north to south,from urban agglomerations to non-urban agglomerations.Specifically,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Shandong Peninsula,Central Plains,and Guanzhong urban agglomerations in northern China,as well as the northern Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations in the south,Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations,and the central area of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have serious ozone pollution.The seasonal average values of ozone concentration in China are in the order of summer,spring,autumn,and winter from high to low.In summer and spring,the ozone concentration in the north is significantly higher than that in the south.From 2015 to 2019,the spatial agglomeration characteristics of ozone concentration in China have gradually increased,and the range of hot spots has gradually expanded,and the degree of regional diffusion of ozone pollution has gradually increased.（3）Natural climate factors and human activity factors have a comprehensive impact on ozone pollution in China.The average relative humidity and average precipitation are negatively correlated with the annual evaluation value of urban ozone.The annual average concentration of PM_2.5,the electricity consumption of the whole society,the industrial nitrogen oxide emissions,the average air pressure,the number of sunshine hours,and the proportion of secondary industry output to GDP,industrial smoke and dust emissions are negatively correlated with urban ozone concentration.Average relative humidity is the factor that has the largest negative effect on ozone pollution at the national and major urban agglomeration scales.The annual average PM_2.5concentration and the proportion of secondary industry output to GDP are the factors that have the largest positive effect on ozone pollution at the national and urban agglomeration scales,respectively.On the whole,humidity and precipitation in natural climate conditions can effectively alleviate regional ozone pollution,and industrial emissions caused by human activities promote the occurrence of regional ozone pollution.（4）It is estimated that the number of accidental premature deaths caused by ozone pollution in China from 2015 to 2019 were around 76495 cases,77345 cases,91647 cases,92504 cases,and 91291 cases,respectively,of which 37587 cases,38653 cases,45946 cases,46775 cases,46490 cases were due to cardiovascular disease,all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.From 2015 to 2019,the spatial distribution of ozone pollution health effects in China has changed little.The high value areas are mainly located in the southern part of North China,the eastern part of Southwest China,the southern part of South China,central China and most of eastern China,and the low value areas are basically distributed in the northwest and northeast.The health effects of ozone pollution in urban agglomerations are more serious than in non-urban agglomerations.（5）From 2015 to 2019,health economic losses of ozone pollution in China have increased year by year,with approximately 141.6 billion yuan,153.6 billion yuan,196.2 billion yuan,212.2 billion yuan,and 229.4 billion yuan,respectively.Among them,the health economic losses caused by the premature death of cardiovascular diseases are about 69.6 billion yuan,76.7 billion yuan,98.3 billion yuan,107.4 billion yuan,and 116.8 billion yuan,respectively.With the passage of time,the spatial distribution of high-value areas of health economic losses of ozone pollution in China has gradually expanded.In North China,it expands outwards with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as the center;in East China,it gradually expands to the south and west;in Central China,it expands from north to south;in Northwest China and Southwest China,it expands to neighboring cities with Xi’an and Chongqing as the center respectively.The average health economic loss of ozone pollution in urban agglomerations is higher than that in non-urban agglomerations.（6）Ozone pollution prevention and control in China can be achieved from three dimensions:firstly,by strengthening the top-level design of ozone pollution,and promoting the coordinated management of ozone and PM_2.5to continue to promote the reduction of ozone precursors;secondly,from regional joint prevention and control to achieve the prevention and control of ozone pollution in key areas from the perspective of key prevention and control of urban agglomerations;thirdly,to achieve the goal of ozone pollution prevention and control in healthy cities from three aspects:urban planning and management,ozone pollution early warning and publicity,and residents’awareness and protection.