| Objective: By determining the ApoE genotypes and blood lipid levels in Alzheimer's disease patients and normal individuals,the relationship between AD,ApoE gene polymorphisms,and lipids is investigated to explore the relationship of AD,ApoE gene polymorphism and serum lipids.Methods:1.A total of 47 patients with AD who are admitted to the Department of Neurology in First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University are selected as the AD group from December 2015 to December 2017,and 35 middle-aged and elderly people are enrolled as the control group randomly during the same period.All individuals are Han nationality,had no family history of dementia and had no relationship with each other.They did not take lipid-lowering drugs.2.All subjects are examined for MMSE,MoCA,ADL,HAMA,HAMD,and HIS.3.The level of ApoE genetype and serum TC?TG?LDL-C?HDL-C?Lp(?)in the morning fasting blood of the AD group and the control group are measured.According to the different phenotype of ApoE gene,AD group and the control group are divided into 3 groups: type 2=?2/?3,type 3=?3/?3,type 4=?3/?4+?4/?4.4.All of the data obtained are statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and the significant level P is designed to be 0.05.Result: 1.There is no statistical difference in gender,age,education level,BMI,etc.between AD group and control group.There is no history of lipid-lowering drugs in both groups,and history of hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,smoking and drinking,or contact history Matching;between the two groups MMSE,MoCA and ADL scores have statistically significant differences(P<0.05).2.In the AD group,the frequencies of each ApoE allele are 7.445% of ?2,75.53% of ?3,17.025% of ?4,and ?2 <?4 <?3.?3/?3 has the highest frequencies,and ?4/?4 is the lowest.In control group,the frequencies of ApoE alleles are ?2 10%,?3 85.715%,?4 4.285%,?4<?2<?3.?3/?3 has the highest frequencies,and ?3/?4 is the lowest.The frequency of ApoE ?4 allele and the proportion of ApoE4 phenotype in AD group are higher than those in the control group,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).3.In AD group,the age at onset of type 2 is(76.14 ± 6.07)years old,type 3 is(68.12 ± 5.37)years old,type 4 is(62.57 ± 8.70)years old,type 2> type 3> type 4,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).The decline rate of cognitive function among ApoE gene phenotypes in AD group is(3.50±1.5)points/year for type 2,(3.76±2.27)points/year for type 3,and(7.14±4.07)points/year for type 4,type 4 is significantly faster than type 2 and type 3,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).In the seven cognitive areas of visual space and execution ability,naming ability,memory,attention and calculation,language ability,abstract thinking ability,time and spatial orientation,The decline in memory of type 3 is more prominent than in the other six cognitive areas.The decline in memory,visual space,and abstract thinking ability of type 3 is more prominent than in the other four cognitive areas.The decline in type 4 in terms of memory,language ability,and attention is more pronounced than in the other four cognitive areas.The above differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).The decline in the daily living ability of each ApoE gene phenotype is observed in the AD group,with(3.24±3.42)points/year for type 2,(4.26±3.45)points/year for type 3,and(3.81±2.70)points/year for type 4.The difference between the three groups is not statistically significant(P>0.05).4.Comparing the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,and Lp(?)are between the AD group and the control group,the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in AD group are higher than those in control group,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in HDL-C and Lp(?)levels between the two groups(P>0.05).5.The levels of TC,TG,LDLC,HDL-C,and Lp(?)are compared among the ApoE gene phenotypes in the AD group.TC and LDL-C levels type2<type3<type4,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).The level of TG in type 4 is significantly higher than that of type 2 and type 3,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in the level of TG between type 2 and type 3(P>0.05).There is no significant difference in HDL-C and Lp(?)levels among the three groups(P>0.05).6.The levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,and Lp(?)are compared among the ApoE gene phenotypes in the control group.TC and LDL-C levels type2<type3<type4,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).The level of TG in type 4 is significantly higher than that of type 2 and type 3,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in the level of TG between type 2 and type 3(P>0.05).There is no significant difference in HDL-C and Lp(?)levels among the three groups(P>0.05).Result:1.The frequency of ApoE ?4 alleles and the ApoE4 phenotype(?3/?4,?4/?4)in patients with AD are significantly higher than those in normal subjects.2.AD patients who carry the ApoE ?4 allele have an earlier age of onset and a faster decline in cognitive function;AD patients with the ApoE ?2 allele has an later age of onset.In terms of cognitive impairment,AD patients with ApoE phenotypic 2 has a prominent decline in memory.Type 3 has a significant decrease in memory,visual space and abstract thinking.Type 4 has a significant decrease in memory,language skills and attention.3.The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in AD group are higher than those in control group.4.Among patients with AD,type 4 has the highest levels of TC and LDLC,type 2 has the lowest level,and type 4 has a higher level of TG than type 2 and type 3.5.In normal people,the TC and LDL-C levels of type 4 are the highest,type 2 has the lowest levels of TC and LDL-C,and type 4 TG level is higher than type 2 and type 3. |
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