Comparative Study On The Quality Of Medicinal Materials From The Three Varieties Of Sambucus Williamsii Hance

Objective: To study the four medicinal parts（rootbarks,stems,leaves,and fruits）of three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance（Saline-tolerant variety,Natural Red No.1 variety,Qingzhou No.15 variety）.The pharmacological characteristics and chemical components were analyzed,and the quality of the Sambucus williamsii Hance was screened by comparing the differences between the three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance.Methods: Using the method of traditional Chinese medicine identification,the original plant characteristics of the three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance,the traits,microscopic characteristics and powder characteristics of the medicinal materials were studied.Referring to the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related literatures,the polysaccharides of the three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance determination of water-soluble polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,phenolic acids,anthocyanins,ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,gallic acid,rutin,quercetin,morroniside,protocatechuic acid;GC-MS chromatographic analysis of the volatile oil components of stems,leaves and fruits of three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance,and the chemical composition was identified.Results: The identification characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines of Sambucus williamsii Hance roots,stems,leaves and fruits are obvious.From the analysisof the original plant morphological characteristics,the three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance have slight differences in plant size,leaves shape change,flower color and fruit color.The cross sectional characteristics of roots,stems and leaves of three varieties of Sambucus williamsii Hance were compared.The proportions of roots and stems,the number of vein vascular bundles and the number of oil cells were found to be different.The difference of leaf powder is mainly in the morphology of epidermal cells,the morphology of glandular hairs and clusters;the difference of fruit powder is mainly in the morphology of grid cells,pigment blocks and tubing morphology.Principal component analysis was used to further evaluate the quality of different samples.It was found that fruits and leaves were higher in the overall ranking,and the results were basically consistent with their quantitative results.The content of polysaccharide and morroniside in Natural Red No.1 variety rootbark was the highest,161.09 mg·g^-1,and 8.33 mg·g^-1 respectively.The flavonoids,rutin and quercetin were the highest in the Natural Red No.1 variety leaves,which were 71.93 mg·g^-1,4.09 mg·g^-1,and 3.57 mg·g^-1 respectively.Triterpene was the highest in Natural Red No.1 variety fruits and was 47.84 mg·g^-1.Phenolic acid and anthocyanin were the highest in Saline-tolerated variety fruits,which were 11.25 mg·g^-1 and 94.32 mg·g^-1 respectively.The Saline-tolerated variety stems had the highest oleanolic acid content of 1.41 mg·g^-1.The Saline-tolerated variety leaves had the highest content of ursolic acid and gallic acid,which were 2.12 mg·g^-1 and 0.34 mg·g^-1 respectively.The highest content of protocatechuic acid in the Qingzhou No.15 variety rootbarks was 0.12 mg·g^-1.The results of identification of volatile oil components: the stems contained in the three varieties of medicinal materials had the most volatile components,followed by leaves and fruits,and the salt-tolerant stalks contained 109 volatile oil components,ranking first.Conclusion: The quality of Natural Red No.1 variety is good,and the quality of medicinal materials in leaves and fruits parts is good,which lays a foundation for the development and utilization of Sambucus williamsii Hance.