Study On The Relationship Between Dietary Pattern Changes And Body Mass Index Of Adult Residents In Jiangsu Province

BackgroundGreat changes have taken place in the way of life and diet of Chinese residents since the reform and opening.The high incidence of all kinds of nutrition-related chronic non-communicable diseases,especially overweight and obesity,has become a global public health problem.The traditional dietary research method is mainly to study the relationship between single nutrient or food and body mass index.In recent years,the application of dietary pattern has gradually become an important method to study the relationship between dietary pattern and nutrition-related chronic noncommunicable diseases.Dietary patterns can reflect the relationship between the diet and health more fully and effectively.However,domestic researches on dietary patterns mostly use factor analysis or cluster analysis,and most of them are cross-sectional studies.It's hard for them to reflect the long-term trend of changes in the diet patterns of the population in China.ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics and changes of the main dietary patterns of adult residents in Jiangsu province;To use various statistical analysis methods to explore the characteristics of dietary patterns and their impact on the body mass index of residents.Subjects and MethodsThe study was based on the data from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" project conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of North Carolina.The participants were 18-65 years old residents in Jiangsu province who participated in at least one of the six surveys from 1997 to 2011 and had completed dietary survey records when dietary patterns were studied.Factor analysis was used to establish the residents' diet patterns.Then individuals were subjected to kmeans cluster analysis based on factor scores,and DDS9 scores were used to evaluate the quality of diet patterns.Then,the participants who were 18 to 65 years old in Jiangsu province,participated in at least two surveys from 1997 to 2011 and had completed dietary records were selected to study the 14-year shifts in dietary patterns between 1997 and 2011,and the quantile regression analysis was used to study the effect of changes in the dietary patterns of the subjects on the BMI under the distribution of different quantile levels of BMI.Results1.The average daily intake of fat and vegetables in Jiangsu province had no obvious time trend.The energy intake of male residents decreased from 2503.7 kcal/d in 1997 to 2392.3 kcal/d in 2011(P??<0.05).Others such as fruit increased from11.6 g/d in 1997 to 42.1 g/d in 2011(P??<0.05).The temporal changes above in female residents were the same as men,but the values were slightly lower than men.2.The overweight rate of adult male residents in Jiangsu province increased from30.7%in 1997 to 51.4%in 2011,and the rate of obesity increased from 4.5%in 1997to 11.1%in 2011(P??<0.05).The rate of overweight and obesity of adult female residents were 39.0%and 8.0%,respectively,with no obvious time trend(P??>0.05).3.The results of factor analysis showed that the dietary patterns of adult residents in Jiangsu province can be classified into six dietary patterns between 1997 and 2011,which were the dietary pattern of grains,flour noodles,soy products,and potato food groups;the dietary pattern dominated by milk,fast food,meat,and snack food;the dietary pattern dominated by rice,pickles,fresh beans,soy products,vegetable,and potato food;the dietary pattern of fish,meat,and beans which contain high quality protein;the dietary pattern consisting mainly of nuts,wine and fish foods and the dietary pattern mainly consisting of eggs,oils,and vegetable.4.Among the populations with at least two follow-ups,there were 394(50.4%)adult residents whose diet patterns remained the same,and most of them had the dietary pattern with milk,fast food,meat,and snack food groups.And the diet of residents in Jiangsu province was inclined to this dietary pattern over the time.5.After the adjustment of baseline BMI,age,gender,energy intake,fat intake,smoking,drinking,time,area,educational level,physical activity level,and baseline diet pattern in the model,the quantile regression showed that at the BMI's 0.8 and 0.9 quantile levels,residents with healthy dietary pattern had a lower BMI(the regression coefficients were-0.6067 and-0.5545,respectively;P< 0.05),and it was a protect factor for adult residents,especially for high quantile levels' residents(overweight and obesity).ConclusionThe rate of overweight and obesity among adult male residents in Jiangsu province showed a trend of increasing between 1997 and 2011,while it was relatively stable for women.The dietary pattern of adult residents in Jiangsu province was dominated by milk,fast food,meat,and snack food groups during the 14 years,and the residents' dietary pattern was inclined to this pattern over the time.Compared with residents whose diet patterns were stable,residents whose diets developed toward a healthy diet pattern had lower BMI values,especially those who were overweight and obese.It was especially important for preventing the occurrence of overweight,obesity and related chronic diseases.