| ObjectiveThrough the preliminary investigation and research,this study aims to understand the AIDS knowledge,attitude,behavior,health education status and needs of the elderly in the community of Chengdu.Then,combined with the characteristics of the target population and the actual situation of the community and under the guidance of the empowerment theory,a scientific,standardized and operational program meets China's national conditions will be constructed,which is suitable for the AIDS health education and behavior intervention of the elderly in the community,and scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of the health education based on the theory in promoting the AIDS knowledge and behavior of the elderly in the community,so as to further promote the application,to effectively prevent the spread of AIDS,to help the successful implementation of China's AIDS prevention plan and to promoting social harmony and stability.MethodsThis study consists of two parts: investigation and intervention study,which are carried out in two stages.The first part: Investigation on AIDS KAP in the elderly of community.The research type is cross-sectional survey,using the convenient sampling method,taking the First,Second and Third Ring Expressway of Chengdu as the reference,according to the distance from the city center,three communities under the jurisdiction of Chengdu were selected,which were:(1)Jinjiang District: Shuijingfang community,(2)Longquanyi District: Longping community,(3)Qionglai City: Wenxing community.Finally,399 elderly people in the communities aged 50?80 were selected as the objects of investigation,and the self-designed KAP questionnaire on AIDS among elderly people in the community was used for investigation.The questionnaire mainly involves six aspects,including general demographic characteristics,life experience,basic knowledge of AIDS,AIDS-related attitudes,high-risk behaviors of HIV/AIDSand AIDS-related prevention and control needs.It is mainly used to understand the current situation of AIDS KAP and health education needs of the elderly in the community,and to analyze the influencing factors of the current situation of KAP.Finally,it puts forward and formulates the diagnosis,program and plan of AIDS health education in the community,providing theoretical basis for the second stage of intervention study.The second part: the construction and practice of AIDS health education intervention program based on empowerment theory.The type of this study belongs to quasi-experiment,based on the KAP survey results of the elderly in the first part of the community,94 elderly people in the community who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group,and divided into a control group and an experimental group.The community neighborhood committee was taken as the center,and the north of the neighborhood committee was taken as the control group and the south one was regarded as the experimental group according to the geographical location.Members of the research group combined with the diagnosis of AIDS knowledge-confidence-based diagnosis at the first stage,combined with the lack of community participation of the elderly,focusing on the community elderly people's vulnerability to AIDS prevention and treatment.The experimental group adopted the “trinity of empowerment and energy enhancement” health education model for AIDS prevention,while the control group adopted the conventional health education model.Both groups began to intervene at the same time and the intervention time was 6 months.Before and after intervention,KAP questionnaire and Condom Use Efficacy Scale were used to collect the data,and the basic knowledge awareness rate of AIDS,AIDS-related attitudes,high-risk behaviors,AIDS-related prevention and control needs,condom use efficacy scores of the elderly in the community were used as the evaluation indicators and were compared between groups and within groups.To objectively judge the intervention effect of “the trinity of empowerment and energy increase health education model of AIDS prevention”.ResultsInvestigation on AIDS knowledge-attitude-behavior of the elderly in community1.General situation of the elderly in the communityA total of 420 questionnaires were sent out,399 valid questionnaires were remained,and the recovery efficiency was 95.0%.Finally,the actual survey numbers of Shuijingfang,Longping and Wenxing communities were 127,143 and 129 respectively,with an average age of(67.9±5.3)years,Han nationality is the main ethnic group,the proportion of the married is 64.7%.The education level of the elderly was generally low,while the majority of the population lives with spouses and children.2.Life experience of the elderly in the communityIn the survey of the life experience of the elderly in the community,most of the elderly in the community had ever and currently had the habit of smoking and drinking.Only 17.3% of them received the health education related to AIDS.The majority agreed to have the demand for sexual life.However,the number of the elderly who had used condoms in the last year was 34.8%.3.Basic knowledge of AIDS for the elderly in the communityThe survey results show that the overall awareness rate of basic knowledge of AIDS among the elderly in the community is 42.4%,and the awareness rate of non-transmission channels is generally low.Analysis of influencing factors shows that:age,education,marital status,monthly income,whether they have received AIDS health education,and whether the elderly(50 years old or older)have sex needs are the main knowledge of the basic knowledge of AIDS Influencing factors.4.AIDS-related attitudes of the elderly in the communityThe survey results show that the elderly in the community have a certain degree of discrimination and prejudice towards HIV-infected people,but 44.1% of the elderly said it was necessary to provide AIDS voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)services.To prevent AIDS and STD,39.6% of the elderly said Willing to insist on using condoms.The analysis of influencing factors shows that education level andwhether they have received AIDS health education are the main influencing factors of AIDS-related attitudes of the elderly in the community.5.High-risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS among the elderly in the communityThe results show that the overall situation of high-risk HIV/AIDS behaviors of the elderly in the community is good,but there are still some high-risk behaviors,among which the highest risk behavior is “drinking before sexual activities”,accounting for 64.2%,followed by “having more than one sexual partner”,accounting for 28.1%.Analysis of influencing factors showed: education level,marital status,number of people in the family,current alcohol consumption,AIDS health education,exercise status were the main influencing factors of HIV/AIDS high-risk behavior among the elderly in the community.6.AIDS-related prevention and control needs of the elderly in the communityThe results show that the elderly in the community have a high demand for AIDS prevention and control.In terms of access to AIDS-related knowledge,the traditional way of AIDS publicity is still the main way,among which the top three access are:brochure/column,television,health workers,accounting for 64.9%,61.7%,48.1%respectively.Some elderly people get AIDS-related knowledge through the Internet or peer.The top three ways of AIDS health education or publicity that the elderly in the community like most or are most easily accepted are: publicity brochures,community public welfare activities,bulletin boards in public places,accounting for 66.9% ?55.9%?50.1%.The top three AIDS knowledge that the elderly in the community want to know most are: prevention knowledge,post infection performance,treatment and nursing methods,accounting for 92.0% ? 87.0% ? 81.5%.When the symptoms of venereal diseases appear,the top three most likely ways for the elderly in the community are to go to a general hospital,a special hospital and a private clinic,accounting for 41.9%?30.1%?19.8%.It can be seen that there is still a large space for improvement and measures need to be taken to meet the relevant needs of the elderly.The practice of AIDS health education based on empowerment theory1.Recovery and elimination of two groups of dataIn this study,a total of 94 questionnaires were distributed before the intervention(47 in the test group and 47 in the control group),and the recovery rate was 100%.In the course of the study,the test group eliminated one;the control group excluded two,and one fell off.After the final intervention,90 questionnaires were distributed(46 in the test group and 44 in the control group).The test group recovered 46 valid questionnaires and the control group recovered 44 valid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 100%.2.Comparison of general situation,life experience,condom use self-efficacy,HIV knowledge,attitude,behavior and prevention needs of the elderly before interventionBefore the investigation,the general situation,life experience,condom use self-efficacy,basic AIDS knowledge attitude high risk behavior and AIDS-related prevention and control needs of the two groups were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspects above(P>0.05),represented the baseline level of the two groups are comparable.3.Comparison of life experience,condom use self-efficacy,AIDS knowledge,attitude,behavior and prevention needs of the elderly in the community after interventionComparative analysis of life experience: the results showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in terms,such as “have you ever smoked” and “have you ever drunk”and “having the demand for sexual life for older persons(over 50 years of age)is needed” “Have you ever received AIDS health education”(P > 0.05),and the other items were statistically significant(P < 0.05).Comparative analysis of condom use efficiency: After the intervention,the scores of self-efficacy in condom use in the experimental group and the control group in the elderly were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of condom use self-efficacy were significantly different in the experimental group before and after intervention(P<0.01),and the scores of condom use self-efficacy in the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Comparative analysis of the awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge: After theintervention,there was significant difference in the total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge between the two groups(P < 0.01).The total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group.Before and after intervention,there was significant difference in the total awareness rate of basic knowledge of AIDS in the experimental group(P<0.01),and in the control group(P<0.05).Comparative analysis of AIDS-related attitude,AIDS-related attitude scores were significantly different from those of experimental group and control group(P<0.05),and AIDS-related attitudes in the experimental group after intervention were more positive than those in the control group.There was significant difference in the total scores of AIDS-related attitudes in the experimental group before and after intervention(P<0.05),and in the control group(P>0.05).Comparative analysis of HIV/AIDS High Risk Behavior: there was significant difference between the total score of HIV/AIDS high-risk behavior in the experimental group and that in the control group(P<0.05)and after the intervention,the behavior of the elderly in the experimental group was more positive than that in the control group.There was significant difference in total scores HIV/AIDS high-risk behaviors in the elderly before and after intervention in the experimental group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total scores HIV/AIDS high-risk behaviors among the elderly before and after intervention in the control group(P>0.05).Comparative analysis of AIDS related prevention and treatment needs: after the intervention,the number of people in the who chose the mode of treatment after the symptoms of venereal disease were different and there were statistically difference(P< 0.05).Besides,the proportion were increased in experimental group who were more willing to choose active medical treatments.ConclusionsAt present,the awareness rate and attitude of AIDS basic knowledge of the elderly in the community need to be improved,and the improvement of AIDSprevention and control behavior of the elderly in the community is the difficulty and key of prevention and control,and the elderly in the community have diversified access to and demand for AIDS knowledge,so it is imperative to carry out health education.Based on empowering AIDS health education intervention program,it is conducive to the in-depth development of AIDS prevention health education for the elderly in the community.It can effectively improve the self-control ability of the elderly in the community,establish right AIDS knowledge and attitude,improve the awareness of the elderly to participate in AIDS prevention,tap the potential of AIDS prevention for the elderly,and promote the elderly to maintain a good attitude in sexual life.It can effectively Sexual partners communicate and negotiate and master the ability to use condoms correctly,enhance self-protection awareness,reduce the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior,so as to effectively prevent AIDS and promote the health of the elderly. |
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