The Study Of Monosyllabic Motion Of Hand Verbs In Guanzi

This paper focuses on the study of monosyllabic hand verbs in Guanzi.Through comprehensive statistics and word frequency analysis,this paper summarizes the characteristics of monosyllabic hand verbs in terms of word meaning and syntax.By the current investigation,it is hoped provide some materials for the study of the lexical system of hand verbs in ancient Chinese and to make contributions to the research of the ancient books.First of all,this paper analyzes monosyllabic words and polysemous words in Guanzi monosyllabic hand verbs.We find that Guanzi monosyllabic hand verbs account for about half of monosyllabic verbs.There are not too many words in each period,which provides conditions for the appearance of polysemous words.Then,this paper mainly discusses the evolution of hand verbs in Guanzi from the aspect of meaning,and summarizes the ways and means of word meaning evolution.From the perspective of the internal rules of language,this paper analyzes the reasons for the evolution of word meaning.Unarmed monosyllabic verbs appear 1017 times in Guanzi while non-unarmed monosyllabic verbs appear 613 times.In Guanzi,there are 55 monosyllabic words,45 polysemous words,18 unarmed monosyllabic verbs and 33 non-unarmed monosyllabic verbs.The ratio of monosyllabic words to polysemous words is unbalanced in the interior of unarmed and non-unarmed verbs.In Guanzi,the lexical meaning extension of monosyllabic hand verbs is mature,including related evolution,similar evolution and synchronous extension.In addition,we sum up 25 groups of synonyms,and analyze each group of words with examples to prove the meaning of the words.In the synonyms,most members hold the meaning of "holding" and "killing".Then,we analyze the syntactic distribution and syntactic characteristics of monosyllabic hand verbs from the aspects of unarmed and non-unarmed.We find that the syntactic differences between the two kinds of monosyllabic hand verbs are very small.In addition,we summarize a basic sentence pattern and four sentence variants,which do not generalize all the sentence patterns of monosyllabic hand verbs in Guanzi,but it covers most of the cases.Finally,we compare some hand verbs in Guanzi with ShiShuoXinYu,and from pre-Qin to Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties.During these dynasties,some hand verbs have not changed in the frequency of use and grammatical functions,such as "holding".Some hand verbs are common words in the pre-Qin period.But they gradually withdrew from the historical stage during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern dynasties.