Analysis Of The Development Of Unemployment Insurance System In Britain In 1920s

Since the first industrial revolution,Britain’s economy has developed rapidly,and the country has occupied the world’s first throne for a long time.But in the 20 th century,due to the outbreak of the First World War and the negative impact of the industrial revolution,a series of economic and social problems have become more serious.Among them,unemployment and poverty always occupy the forefront of various social problems.In order to solve these problems,the Conservative Party promulgated the Unemployed Workers Act in 1905.As the first law to solve the unemployment problem in the 20 th century,the Conservative Party recognized the responsibility of the state for the unemployed.In 1909,driven by Churchill,the Labor Agency Act was passed.As the first employment service legislation in the world,it laid the foundation for the subsequent enactment of the National Insurance Act.The Unemployment Insurance Act of 1911 was passed by Parliament as the second part of the National Insurance Act,which marked the formal establishment of the unemployment insurance systerm in Britain.As Britain entered the 1920 s,its economic development can be summarized in terms of "stop-and-go,relative stagnation".From 1920 to 1930,the number of unemployed people in Britain was no less than 1 million.The average unemployment rate was 3 to 4 times that of other European countries.The Unemployment Insurance Act,which originally covered only a few industries with high unemployment rate,could not solve the severe unemployment problem in the 1920 s.In order to guarantee the basic living needs of more unemployed people,from 1920 to 1930,the British government enacted many new unemployment insurance laws,including the unemployment insurance act of 1920,the emergency unemployment insurance act of1921-1926,and the unemployment insurance act of 1927-1930.These bills belong to the national plan of the bill,is insurable industry workers in the name of individuals to the state unemployment insurance bill.In addition,there are also special unemployment insurance plans outside the national plan,which mainly include the exception industry insurance plan,the community insurance plan and the individual industry insurance plan.The adoption and implementation of the National Plan Unemployment Insurance Act and the National Plan Unemployment Insurance Act constituted the general process of the evolution and development of the British unemployment insurance system in the 1920 s.Before the 20 th century,Britain had always believed in liberalism,but with the emergence of various social problems,liberalism can not reasonably explain the root causes of social problems.Neo-liberalism,Fabian socialism and collectivism became the guiding ideology of British government in solving social problems in the early20 th century.Hobhouse,Hobson and Samuel,the representatives of neo-liberalism,demonstrated the necessity of the state’s social responsibility from the "organic society" theory and the "self-help powerlessness" theory.And from the angle that the social security system can promote the citizens’ understanding of the common interests,it proves that the social security system represented by the insurance system plays an active role in the establishment and improvement of the social security system.Fabian Socialism puts forward the values of equality,freedom and democracy.Taking these ideas as sufficient conditions,it proves the correctness of the state in solving social problems and the significance of improving the unemployment insurance system.Collectivism points out the importance of perfecting the unemployment insurance system and establishing the social security system from the unification theory that public interest is higher than individual interest and rights and obligations.From 1920 to 1930,the evolution of the unemployment insurance system in Britain in the past ten years showed the characteristics of gradual development and compromise.In terms of its graduality,it includes two aspects: inheritance and development.In terms of compromise,it mainly refers to the development characteristics of the harmony between political parties,social strata and interest groups in the process of the evolution and perfection of the unemployment insurance system in Britain in the 1920 s.In the 1920 s,the unemployment insurance system in Britain,after ten years of evolution,had a lot of influence on the development of British society.On the one hand,it shortens the time for unemployed workers to find new jobs,promotes the reemployment of unemployed workers,and increases the mobility of labor force.At the same time,it effectively alleviates poverty caused by unemployment,guarantees people’s basic living needs,indirectly safeguards the interests of the working class,and stabilizes social order.On the other hand,because the poverty relief system always exists,and there is no separation mechanism between the unemployment insurance system and the poverty relief system,there is a "vague zone".The expenditure of unemployment welfare allowance is also increasing,which leads to the serious loss of unemployment fund and forms the indebted unemployment insurance system.Generally speaking,although the unemployment insurance system has paid a high price in the process of development,its long-standing characteristics as a British legislation and regulations show the British government’s trust and recognition of it.As far as the development status of the unemployment insurance system in Britain in the 1920 s is concerned,it played a decisive role in the establishment of China in the whole social security system in Britain.To explore its development and evolution,besides deepening our understanding of it,we are still inspired by many experiences,which deserve our study and reflection.