| Objective: To explore the current situation of falls of the elderly in nursing institutions in Kunming City,and analyze the influencing factors of falls,and scientifically guide the elderly to carry out progressive resistance exercise training based on the concept of "body-medicine integration",so as to provide experimental basis for improving the fitness of the elderly and preventing falls of the elderly.Methods: 1.Stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select the elderly aged 60 and above who met the standards in 6 nursing institutions in Kunming City from May to July 2020 as the investigation objects.A self-made questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey among the elderly.The survey contents included general demographic and sociological characteristics,life and behavior patterns,past medical history and medication history,psychological status,and history of falls.A total of 223 valid questionnaires were collected.2.Sixty elderly people aged 70 and above were selected from the self-care area of a certain institution for pre-exercise health screening.Finally,42 subjects(20males and 22 females)were included in the study,and they underwent 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training.The fitness indexes and fall risk indexes of the elderly were collected before and after intervention.3.SPSS22.0 software was used for statistical analysis,and the data were described as mean ± standard deviation(M±SD).Univariate analysis was conducted for all influencing factors,followed by binary unconditional Logistic regression analysis.Make up the level Results: 1.Status of(1)falling: There were 223 subjects in the study.82 people(36.8%)had fallen in the past year,among which 30.3% were males and 40.1% were females.One fall accounted for 18.4%,two falls accounted for 8.1%,and three or more falls accounted for 10.3%.(2)The time of fall mainly occurred in the morning,accounting for 46.3% and 20.7% at noon.The incidence of outdoor falls was 51.6%,indoor falls mainly occurred in the toilet,accounting for 11.0%.The incidence rate of fall was as high as 53.7% when walking,sitting up and down stairs.(3)The proportion of injuries caused by falls was 64.6%,of which 30.5% treated the injured part by themselves,36.6% were hospitalized after injury,45.1% were recovered after(1)treatment,and 29.3% were restricted in activity.2.Influencing factors of falls: The risk of falls increased with age(OR=2.609,95%CI: 0.926-(2)0.993);Compared with elderly men,elderly women had a higher risk of falling(OR=1.674,95%CI:0.270-(3)0.985);Compared with the elderly of the Han,the risk of falling in the elderly of minority was higher(OR=1.409,95%CI: 1.017-3.401);(4)Compared with those who never smoked,the elderly who have quit smoking have a higher risk of falling(OR=1.565,95%CI: 0.066-1.161).(5)Compared with those without arthritis,the elderly with arthritis had an increased risk of falling(OR=1.527,95%CI: 0.204-0.876).(6)Compared with those who did not take drugs regularly,the risk of falling was increased in the elderly who took analgesics and COPD drugs(OR=1.390,95%CI: 0.167-0.649)and(OR=1.134,95%CI: 0.013-1.212),respectively.2.Study of exercise(1)intervention: There were 42 elderly people(20 males,22females)who volunteered to participate in the 12-week progressive resistance exercise intervention and met the inclusion criteria.The mean age of the subjects was(2)84.28±4.19 years,84.00±6.22 years for males,and 84.38±4.36 years for females.After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the lower limb muscle strength,lower limb flexibility,aerobic endurance and balance function of the elderly men were significantly improved(P<0.05),while the upper limb muscle strength,upper limb flexibility and upper limb flexibility had no stat(3)istical significance(P<0.05).After12 weeks exercise intervention,the lower limb muscle strength,lower limb flexibility and balance function were significantly improved(P<0.01),and the upper limb muscle strength,upper limb flexibility and aerobic endurance were significantly(4)improved(P<0.05).After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the body mass index(BMI)of elderly men and women was improved,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05).(5)After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the risk of falling in elderly men was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the risk of falling in elderly women was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusions: This study shows that: 1.Older age,minorities,current smokers,arthritis,use of pain medications,and use of COPD medications are risk factors for falls in older adults.2.12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training can effectively improve the muscle strength,flexibility,aerobic endurance and balance ability of the elderly,and the improvement is more significant for the elderly women,but the change of body mass index has no statistical significance,can reduce the risk of falls in the elderly,and has a certain effect on the prevention of falls. |
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