| Objectives:To understand the status quo of nurses’ psychological capital,empathy ability and job burnout;to analyze the factors influencing nurses’ psychological capital,empathy ability and job burnout;to explore the correlation between nurses’ job burnout,psychological capital and empathy ability;to understand the mediating effect of empathy ability between psychological capital and job burnout,so as to provide theoretical basis for alleviating nurses’ Job Burnout and reducing nurses’ turnover intention basis.Methods:From September 2020 to October 2020,1064 qualified nurses from one tertiary hospital and three secondary hospitals were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method.The self-designed general information questionnaire,MBIHSS,interpersonal response index scale and psychological capital scale were used to investigate nurses through online electronic questionnaire.Export the data of network survey platform,use Excel 2019 to sort it out,and then use spss22.0 and process 3.0 plugin to make statistical analysis on the data.Results:1.The scores of all dimensions in nurses’ burnout were: emotional exhaustion(18.36± 10.57),dehumanization(4.92 ± 5.30),personal achievement(32.31 ± 9.96).The detection rates of moderate and severe in each dimension were 50.0%、27.4% and 66.7%,respectively.The results of univariate analysis showed that the scores of job burnout of nurses with different hospital level,age,Department,education background,working years,professional title,position,labor relations,marital status and children were statistically significant(P < 0.05).2.The total score of nurses’ psychological capital was(91.62 ± 14.50),of which the score of self-efficacy dimension was(27.67 ± 4.68),the score of hope dimension was(27.12 ± 4.83),the score of resilience dimension was(22.79 ± 3.93),and the score of optimism dimension was(14.05 ± 2.88).The results of univariate analysis showed that different age,working years,professional title,position,labor relations,marital status and children had statistical significance on the score of nurses’ psychological capital(P <0.001).In addition,nurses with different departments,educational background and monthly income had significant differences in self-efficacy score(P < 0.05);nurses with different educational background and monthly income had significant differences in optimism dimension(P < 0.05);nurses with different monthly income had significant differences in hope dimension score(P < 0.05).3.The total score of empathy ability of nurses was(52.95 ± 10.36),in which the score of view taking dimension was(12.16 ± 3.92),the score of personal pain dimension was(7.70 ± 4.34),the score of empathy attention dimension was(9.18 ± 3.23),and the score of imagination dimension was(14.11 ± 4.21).The results of univariate analysis showed that the scores of empathy ability of nurses with different ages,working years,professional titles,positions,labor relations,marital status and children were statistically significant(P < 0.05).4.Nurses’ psychological capital was negatively correlated with the scores of emotional exhaustion and dehumanization(P < 0.01),and positively correlated with the scores of personal accomplishment(P < 0.01);The total score of empathy ability was negatively correlated with the score of emotional exhaustion(P < 0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with the score of dehumanization dimension(P < 0.01)and positively correlated with the scores of personal accomplishment(P < 0.01).The dimensions of view taking,empathy and imagination were positively correlated(P < 0.01),and negatively correlated with the dimension of personal pain(P < 0.01).5.Empathy plays a "masking role" between psychological capital and emotional exhaustion,and its effect value is 12.24%.Empathy partially mediates between psychological capital and personal accomplishment,and its effect value is 10.90%.Conclusion:1.The job burnout of nurses was in the upper middle level,and showed the characteristics of high emotional exhaustion,low dehumanization and low personal accomplishment.Nurses in tertiary hospitals,young age,short working years,low professional title,no job,contract system,unmarried and childless have serious job burnout.It is suggested that nursing managers should implement individualized interventions according to the individual characteristics of nurses to reduce job burnout.2.Empathy ability is on the high level.The scores of empathy ability of nurses with older age,longer working years,higher professional title,position,formal establishment,married and children were higher.Among the sub dimensions,the score of personal pain is the lowest,and the score of empathy is the highest.It is suggested that although nurses can actively care about and understand patients’ emotions in daily life,we still need to pay attention to helping nurses distinguish their own emotions from their own,so as to further reduce personal pain.3.Psychological capital is on the high side and needs to be improved.The scores of psychological capital of nurses with younger age,shorter working years,lower professional title,no job,contract system,unmarried and childless were lower.The score of hope dimension is the lowest.Therefore,it is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the career goal setting of nurses and carry out reasonable career planning to further improve their hope level.4.Nurses’ psychological capital was positively correlated with empathy and personal achievement,and negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion and dehumanization in job burnout.There was a significant positive correlation between empathy ability and personal achievement,and a negative correlation between empathy ability and emotional exhaustion and dehumanization.The higher the score of nurses’ psychological capital,the higher their empathy ability.Psychological capital can significantly predict job burnout.Therefore,it is suggested that managers should comprehensively evaluate the level of psychological capital of nurses and carry out relevant training to improve the empathy ability of nurses and reduce job burnout.So as to maintain the stability of the nursing team.5.Empathy plays a mediating role between psychological capital and personal accomplishment.In addition,empathy shows a "masking effect" in the process of the influence of psychological capital on emotional exhaustion.Therefore,it is suggested that when carrying out empathy training,nursing managers should pay attention to the level of personal pain of nurses,so as to avoid emotional exhaustion caused by excessive indulgence in the pain of others. |
PDF Full Text Request