| In recent years,the problem on occupational burnouts of nurses has widely attracted researchers because it has serious adverse effects on nurses’ physical and mental health,hospital nursing quality and safety,and patients’ satisfaction.Previous empirical studies have shown that mindfulness-based psychotherapy such as mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)can greatly reduce the occupational burnout level of nurses.However,previous studies focused on the improvement of emotion in short-term period(e.g.,emotional exhaustion),and paid little attention to the improvement of cognition and behavior in mid-term or long-term period.Secondly,the particularity of the intervention population was ignored because previous studies mostly used a general eight-week MBSR as the intervention course.Thirdly,the impact of initial level of occupational burnouts on the intervention efficacy was ignored because previous studies mostly used randomized controlled experimental design.Finally,in the previous,a single index and an experimental design based on pre-and post-test evaluation were utilized to evaluate the intervention efficacy,which results in the impossibility to achieve a tracking and hierarchical investigation on the dynamic evolution of the mindfulness-based intervention efficacy.Therefore,this study aimed to establish a MBSR program suitable for hospital nurses from the perspective of mental health education and investigate with a multi-level evaluation system the intervention efficacy and its dynamic changes differing in the population with different initial levels of occupational burnout.Final version of the eight-week program suitable for nurses was established based on the above results of mindfulness practice.This study firstly adapted the standard eight-week MBSR course matched the working characteristics of nurses and in combination with the concept of shaping nurses’ psychological capital to form an adapted eight-week program suitable for nurses.Secondly,41 female nurses in hospital were recruited as participants practicing the adapted mindfulness program.They self-reported their mental states at the baseline and every two weeks after the intervention with a multi-level evaluation system based on the three-dimensional structure of occupational burnout.t-test for two paired samples,t-test for two independent samples and analysis of variance(ANOVA)for repeated measures were used to investigate the overall efficacy of intervention and its differential effects in two groups with low and high burnout levels and its dynamic change with the intervention time.In addition,semi-structured interviews on qualitative evaluation of the intervention efficacy were performed after the intervention.The results revealed that the adapted 8-week MBSR course could effectively relieve the nurses of the occupational burnout in the short-term emotion(i.e.,emotional exhaust and need for recovery),mid-term cognition(i.e.,depersonalization,work engagement and work-related rumination)and long-term behavior(i.e.,subject well-being and over-commitment),and improve the level of psychological capital.The individuals with high burnout achieved more significant improvement than those with low burnout and showed higher improvement rate and degree with the intervention time.The improvement in short-term emotion indicators was significant in the early period of the mindfulness intervention,but was rebounded to some extent in the middle and late period.In contrast,the improvement in cognitive and behavioral indicators was significant in the middle and late intervention period.The results from the semi-structured interviews also showed that the nurses’ levels of mindfulness,subjective well-being and job satisfaction were improved after the mindfulness intervention.In conclusion,the adapted eight-week MBSR course could effectively reduce the occupational burnout level of hospital nurses and improve their psychological capital level.Additionally,the efficacy of intervention varied with the initial level of burnout of the subjects. |
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