Study Of The Status Quo And Influencing Factors Of Self-care Agency In Young And Middle-aged Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis（AR）has a high incidence rate in the world,and in recent years,it has shown an increasing trend year by year.Young and middle-aged people account for a relatively high proportion of people with AR in China,and young and middle-aged people are an important group to promote social development and progress.It is particularly important to improve their health level.AR is easy to occur repeatedly,causing many troubles to patients’ work and life,and repeated treatment also brings economic burden.Now,there is no effective means to cure AR,but some studies had shown that on the basis of existing treatment schemes,improving patients’ self-care agency can reduce the attack frequency of the disease and control the progress of the disease.However,there is no study focus on the factors affecting the self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients,which is very important for developing targeted programs to improve the self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients.ObjectiveTo investigate and the analyze current situation and influencing factors of self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients.The path of the influencing factors of selfcare agency of young and middle-aged AR patients was analyzed by constructing structural equation modeling（SEM）.MethodsFrom July 2021 to December 2021,360 young and middle-aged AR patients were selected from the otorhinolaryngology clinics of four class III first-class hospitals in Zhengzhou by convenient sampling method.The general data questionnaire,exercise of self-care agency scale（ESCA）,general self-efficacy scale（GSES）,social support rating scale（SSRS）,health-promoting lifestyle profile Ⅱ（HPLP-Ⅱ）and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire（RQLQ）conducted a questionnaire survey on the general situation,self-care agency,self-efficacy,social support,health promoting lifestyle and quality of life of patients.SPSS 24.0 was used to statistically analyze the data.Independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression were used to explore the influencing factors of self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients.Through the construction of SEM,the action path and intensity of each influencing factor on self-care agency were further analyzed.ResultsA total of 400 questionnaires were distributed,and 360 valid questionnaires were selected,with an effective rate of 90%.1.Current status of self-care agency in young and middle-aged patients with ARThe results of patients’ ESCA scores ranged from 68 to 157 points,with a mean of（110.71 ± 18.55）points.There were no low-level patients,203（56.39%）intermediate level patients,and 157（43.61%）high-level patients.2.Result of single factor analysis of varianceThe differences in self-care agency between young and middle-aged AR patients in terms of age,degree of impact on sleep,and frequency of exercise were statistically significant（F values are 3.322,3.033 and 3.060,respectively P < 0.05）.3.Correlation between self-care agency and self-efficacy,social support,health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life in young and middle-aged patients with ARThe GSES scores of young and middle-aged AR patients ranged from 11 to 39 points,with a mean（24.78 ± 5.18）points;The majority of the self-efficacy（268 patients,74.4%）were at the moderate level.There were significant positive correlations between the total scores of GSES and all dimensions of ESCA as well as between the total scores（r=0.352,0.421,0.362,0.335 and 0.465,respectively P < 0.05）.SSRS scale scores ranged from 16 to 59,with a mean of（38.86 ± 7.41）points,and the majority（n = 252,70.0%）were intermediate.A significant positive correlation was found between the total score of SSRS and all dimensions of ESCA as well as between the total scores（r=0.287,0.413,0.421 and 0.365,respectively P < 0.05）.The HPLP-II results ranged from 87 to 208 with a mean value of（132.69 ± 20.63）points,and the results showed that there were 3 patients（0.83%）of poor level,178（49.44%）of general,166（46.11%）of high level,and 13 patients（3.33%）of excellent.A significant positive correlation was found between the total score of the HPLP-II and all dimensions of ESCA as well as between the total score and the score（r=0.356,0.287,0.358,0.305 and 0.412,respectively P < 0.05）.The RQLQ results ranged from 3 to 155,with a mean（50.32 ± 23.93）score.Overall,relatively low scores for RQLQ.The total score of RQLQ was negatively correlated with the total score of ESCA,and the two dimensions of self-nursing ability: selfconcept and self-nursing skills were negatively correlated with the total score of RQLQ（r = 0.111,-0.162,respectively P < 0.05）.4.Result of multivariable analysisMultiple stepwise regression analysis showed that health-promoting lifestyle,Selfefficacy,quality of life and social support were the main factors affecting the self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients in this study（P < 0.05）.5.Path analysis of influencing factors of self-care agency in young and middle-aged patients with ARSEM showed that social support,health-promoting lifestyle,Self-efficacy and quality of life had positive effects on the self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients,and the path coefficients were 0.716,0.722,0.646 and 0.688（respectively P < 0.05）.The total positive effect of social support on self-care agency of young and middle-aged AR patients was the largest（0.947）,and the direct effect of health-promoting lifestyle on selfcare agency of young and middle-aged AR patients was the strongest（0.722）.ConclusionsIn this study,the self-care agency of young and middle-aged patients with AR is imostly in the middle or above level.Self-efficacy,health-promoting lifestyle,quality of life and social support are the main factors that affect the self-care agency of patients with this disease.Among them,the positive effect of social support is the largest,and the direct effect of health promotion lifestyle is the strongest.