Research On Disaster Environment And Agricultural Production In Ningxia During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Ningxia has long been one of the areas where northern nomads and Han people live together.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Ningxia region vigorously developed the Tuntian cause,and the relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry changed significantly.The scale and level of agricultural production reached unprecedented heights.However,agricultural production during this period was also affected by disasters and environmental factors including low temperature,drought,earthquakes,flood sediment deposition,soil salinization,and other factors,forming a special type of agriculture in Ningxia.On the one hand,the selection of agricultural technology is used to transform and utilize the disaster environment.For example,the people in the Yellow River Irrigation District use the sediment of irrigation channels to fertilize the crop and improve the salinity of the land;On the other hand,disaster environmental factors such as floods and low temperatures may also cause crops failure and exacerbation of salinization of land.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Briefly discuss the natural and social environment of agricultural production in Ningxia,and the staged characteristics of agricultural development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the pattern of agricultural and animal husbandry,and achievements in agricultural science and technology.(2)Analyse various disasters in Ningxia during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,such as the discussion of disaster historical data sources,arrangement,and utilization methods;the changes and structural characteristics of various major natural disasters in different periods and the spatial distribution characteristics of natural disasters.Through the collation of historical data related to historical records,actual records,and archives,and ARCGIS mapping software,a preliminary spatial statistical analysis was made for five major natural disasters,such as floods,droughts,earthquakes,wind disasters,and locusts;(3)Discuss the coping mechanism of disaster environment and agricultural production,which focuses on two perspectives:the cold period of global climate and the introduction of new crop varieties at the agricultural test farms in the late Qing Dynasty,and analyse the adjustment of agricultural production structure in Ningxia during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.(4)Discuss the technical responses on farmland water conservancy irrigation,land salinization,flood and drought disasters,which is based on the interactive relationship between agricultural production and water-soil environment transformation.