| Copper,lead,and zinc mineral resources are one of the important strategic mineral resources in China,which are directly related to the national defense,economy,people's lives,and the security of sustainable development.At present,China's copper resources can not meet the minimum demand for domestic copper consumption,and the degree of dependence on foreign sources is as high as 80%.With economic development,the easy-to-treat copper-lead-zinc ore resources continue to be mined,processed and consumed,the contradiction between supply and demand is particularly prominent.The Cu-Pb-Zn complex ores in Lao is of easy-to-float and difficulty-to-separate ore.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to carry out efficient separation and comprehensive utilization of its kind.Firstly,advanced mineralogical study of ore properties,preliminary tests,bulk flotation and separation,and preferential flotation were conducted,and the reasonable flotation process and reagent system are obtained with satisfactory flotation performance.Results of the mineralogy show that the ore mainly contains sulfides with high grades of Cu,Pb,Zn,and silver is associated with these sulfides to different extend.Sulfides in the ore are finely disseminated with each other.Primary copper sulfide in the form of chalcopyrite accounts for 82.1%,secondary copper sulfide and others account for 9.21% and 8.69%,respectively;Occurrence of lead is complex,galena accounts for 88.05%,but the total distribution rate of lead oxide in the form of lead carbonate,lead sulfate and lead iron alum is 11.95%,and the latter is difficult to be fully enriched and recovered through flotation.Occurrence form of zinc is relatively simple,and zinc sulfide in the form of sphalerite accounts for 93.38%,while distribution rate of zinc oxide in other forms is relatively low.Results of bulk flotation tests have been shown that the ore is of easy-to-float and difficulty-to-separate ore.The Cu-Pb-Zn bulk concentrate can be obtained at high recoveries by using simple sulfide flotation reagents,but the bulk concentrate is difficult to separate efficiently.Preferential flotation of Cu-Pb-Zn in orders in a weak acid medium pulp system is an effective method to realize separation of the valuables as early as possible.In open circuit test,sulfuric acid is used as p H modifier,sodium sulphate and zinc sulphate are used as combined depressants,sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and Z-200 are used as selective collectors,followed by one-stage of fast flotation and one-stage cleaning of copper;Copper tailing is regulated by lime and zinc sulphate as regulators,ethyl thiocarbamate as the selective collector,lead concentrate can be obtained by one-stage roughing,three times of cleanings,and one-stage scavenging.Zinc concentrate can be obtained by three times cleanings and one-stage scavenging.While the feed assays Cu 2.05%?Pb 5.76% and Zn 3.24%,and the copper concentrate assays Cu 23.03% at the recovery of 76.51%,containing 27.28% Pb,and 2.92% Zn;the lead concentrate assays Pb 39.60% at the recovery of 47.99%,containing 4.29% Cu and7.05% Zn;Zinc concentrate assays Zn 49.29% at the recovery of 51.05%,containing Cu 0.18%,Pb 3.05%.In the closed-circuit tests,a new process of fast flotation of copper in a weak acid medium,and the middlings return to the lead circuit was developed.When the feed contains Cu 2.06%,Pb 5.79%,Zn 2.92%,and Ag 443g/t,the copper concentrate assays Cu 20.18%,Pb 10.32%,Zn 1.52%,and Ag 2738g/t at 82.39% Cu recovery and52.00% Ag recovery;the lead concentrate assays Pb 45.35%,Cu 2.43%,Zn 3.34%and Ag 728g/t at 71.51% Pb recovery and 15.00%;Zinc concentrate contains 42.21%Zn,Cu 0.07%,Pb 2.55%,and Ag 1643g/t at 70.11% Zn recovery and 18.00%..This experimental study successfully realized the efficient separation of copper,lead,and zinc and the recovery of the associated silver.In the meanwhile,the problem that only bulk concentrate was sold at a low price is solved.This innovative flotation process provides a technical reference for the development and utilization of the ore of its kind. |
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