Spatial Development Characteristics Of Small Towns In England National Parks Based On Recreation Use

Recreation,as one of the functions of National Parks,is an important way for national parks to educate citizens and enhance their national identity and pride,has brought development opportunities to the local settlements.At the same time,the local settlements act as the spatial carrier of recreational activities and facilities,supporting the realization of the recreational function of the National Park.England National Parks are characterized by cultural landscapes jointly shaped by human and nature,with the dual objectives of protecting natural landscapes and cultural heritage and providing recreational opportunities.Its experience in coordinating recreation use and settlements development can provide reference for China’s National Park business,which is still in the early stage.Based on this background,the small towns in England National Parks were selected as the research object,and the research interprets the internal relationship between recreation use and the development of the small towns from the characteristics of spatial development.Through literature analysis,the research combs the background and current situation of the National Park’s recreation use,and makes an overall cognition of the positioning and development of small towns.Taking the Lake District National Park as a case,with the help of Arc GIS,Spatial Syntax and other analysis tools,the research carries out qualitative and quantitative spatial analysis from the aspects of overall shape,functional layout,road structure and building texture,and deeply analyzes the characteristics of the spatial development of small towns under the background of recreation use.The results show that as recreation service hubs,the spatial development of small towns in National Parks is carefully controlled by planning policies.From the perspective of horizontal comparison,the spatial development results of different towns have certain similarities,such as low compactness of overall shape,high proportion of commercial service land,the layout of recreational land gathering in the town center and extending along the main road,etc.In terms of vertical comparison,the process of spatial development has certain regularity,such as the phased change of scale and function expansion,the adaptive transformation of the use of road and buildings space,etc.At the end,the research summarizes the spatial evolution mechanism from four aspects: external environment,social economy,location conditions and planning control.Besides,combined with the construction experience of the small towns,the research provides corresponding suggestions on development cognition,planning control and spatial guidance for the problems currently faced by the gateway settlements in Chinese National Park.