Research On Residential Development Regulation Mechanism In National Park Of England Based On Landscape Character Assessment

National parks in England are set up for the purpose of protecting the "second nature" formed by the interaction of human and nature.There are a number of rural and urban communities in national parks,where human activities are frequent,and the conflict between nature conservation and community development is prominent,which is similar to the dilemma of China’s Nature Reserve.The exploration of residential construction regulation in National Parks in England originated in the middle of the last century,and now it has a construction development regulation system that combines rigid regulation with flexible guidance.The long-term practice has refined the construction and regulation concept that combines coercion,incentive and negotiation.The development and maturity of residential construction regulation in National Parks in England can bring new ideas for China to properly handle the issue of residential regulation in the process of the construction of the Nature Reserve.National Park in England residential construction regulation has formed the system of management planning,core strategy,development management policy,and design guide.Management planning made the vision of National Park management plans,and the core strategy is to achieve vision,and development management policy is a supplement to the core strategy,design guide provide residential architecture design guidelines.In order to coordinate the interests of various parties,the regulation subjects of National Parks in England have established close ties with other management affairs,which formed a network of regulation subjects,and established a cooperative partnership with a high degree of public participation.The Planning Permission system and Building Control Application system related to residential management and regulation bring about strict regulation and constraint to residential development and construction.For residential construction regulation in National Parks,England has formulated a management policy of compulsory control combined with flexible guidance.On the one hand,the areas and types allowed to be developed are compulsively demarcated,which narrates the application conditions for affordable housing and is oriented to meet the needs of local residents.On the other hand,design guide are formulated to achieve gradual and flexible regulation.The method of Landscape Character Assessment was born in the UK in the mid-1980s and has gradually occupied the core position in landscape assessment.Through two independent stages of landscape Character classification,description and decision making,which takes the whole area as the evaluation object,showing the characteristics of value neutrality,diversity of landscape character extraction and high degree of public participation.It plays an important role in residential construction regulation mechanism in National Parks in England.In England,the land of National Parks was evaluated by Landscape Character Assessment method,and the results of Landscape Character Assessment formed the rudiments of planning and management zoning,and also provide a basis for the development strategy and policy formulation of National Parks,which had a profound impact on the regulation of residential construction in National Parks.There is a clear understanding of how to achieve residential construction regulation in the National Parks in England under the premise of conservation priority in this paper.Based on the experience of the England,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the prominent contradiction between protection and development and over development in the process of residential management and regulation in China’s Nature Reserve,and puts forward the following solutions: to explore the resource assessment path combining with landscape character assessment,so as to provide a basis for policy formulation,to formulate design guidelines to protect the character of traditional settlements in Nature Reserve,to formulate a list of regulation policies to guide the approval of residential construction,to strengthen community co-management,combine flexible guidance with compulsory regulation,and improve the regulation mechanism for residential construction.