Research On Carbon Sink And Ecological Compensation Capacity Of The Yellow River Estuary National Park Based On GIS

At present,the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin has become a major national strategy,and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have been the key,frontier and hot issues of social focus and academic research.The Yellow River estuary is the"barometer"of the ecological health of the Yellow River basin,and its ecosystem carbon sink is an important factor affecting the regional carbon balance.Wetland ecological compensation is an important means of maintaining the health of wetland ecosystems,effectively performing their ecological functions and protecting the regional ecological environment.Currently,there are fewer studies on the effects of land use dynamics on wetland carbon sinks and regional carbon balance,and on the ecological compensation capacity of wetlands based on a combination of ecology and economics.Therefore,the study of carbon sink and ecological compensation capacity of the Yellow River Estuary National Park is important for protecting the wetland ecosystem of the Yellow River Estuary,giving full play to the ecological benefits of wetlands and maintaining regional ecological security.Supported by RS and GIS technology,land use classification was conducted for the Yellow River Estuary National Park in 2000,2010,and 2020.The dynamic changes in land use in the study area were studied using land use transfer matrix and land use dynamic degree.The carbon sink rate method and carbon emission factor method were used to study the carbon sink absorption and carbon source emissions of the Yellow River Estuary National Park.The dynamic changes in carbon sink capacity and carbon balance state of the study area were studied using carbon sink intensity and carbon balance index.The equivalent factor method was used to calculate the Ecosystem Service Value(ESV)of the Yellow River Estuary National Park,and the ecological contribution rate was used to dynamically study the impact of ESV changes of various land use types on the total ESV changes in the study area.On this basis,the subject and object,compensation mode,compensation method,and compensation standard of ecological compensation in the Yellow River Estuary National Park were discussed,and social,economic,and ecological strategies for improving ecological compensation capacity were proposed.The results of the study are as follows.1.Dynamic changes of land use in the Yellow River Estuary National ParkUsing the remote sensing monitoring data of China’s land use status released by the Resource and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the data source,Arc GIS 10.2 software was used to classify the land use types of the Yellow River Estuary National Park into grassland,cultivated land,forest land,water,wetland,construction land and sea area.From 2000 to 2020,the area of grassland,construction land and sea area decreased,and the area of cultivated land,forest land,wetland and water area increased;the relative change rates of various land use types in order of size were water area>grassland>wetland>construction land>cultivated land>sea area,and the rate of landscape change was faster in2000-2010 and slower in 2010-2020.2.Dynamic changes of carbon sink in the Yellow River Estuary National ParkThe carbon sink absorption of the Yellow River Estuary National Park in 2000,2010,and2020 were 398,160.17 tons,473,596.24 tons,and 461,373.59 tons,respectively,and the carbon source emissions were 61,285.39 tons,89,381.55 tons,and 68,557.63 tons,respectively.Over the past 20 years,the overall carbon sequestration intensity per unit area of the Yellow River Estuary National Park had increased,while the carbon sequestration intensity per unit area of the sea area had remained stable.Wetlands were the land use type with the most significant carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the land area.The Yellow River Estuary National Park played an important role in carbon sequestration as a whole.3.Dynamic changes of ecosystem service values in the Yellow River Estuary National ParkFrom 2000 to 2020,the land ESV of the Yellow River Estuary National Park continued to increase,with a total increase of 4,763.601,3 million yuan.Wetlands had the largest ESV and were the main body of terrestrial ESV in the Yellow River Estuary National Park.Among the first level services,the value of regulation service was the highest.Among secondary services,hydrological regulation services had the highest value.Over the past 20 years,the ESV changes in wetlands and water bodies had been the dominant factors in the terrestrial ESV changes in the Yellow River Estuary National Park.4.Strategies to improve ecological compensation capacity of the Yellow River Estuary National ParkThe social,economic,and ecological strategies to enhance the ecological compensation capacity of the Yellow River Estuary National Park were proposed.It was clarified that the main subjects of ecological compensation in the Yellow River Estuary National Park were the central government,the governments of Shandong Province and Dongying City,consumers,and natural resource developers who benefited from it.The compensation objects mainly included the governments of Dongying City and its subordinate Kenli District,Hekou District,and Lijin County,the indigenous people and their management institutions of the Yellow River Estuary National Park,and natural resource developers with damaged interests.It was proposed that the ecological compensation model should be mainly based on government compensation,supplemented by market compensation,and fully played a social role.A diversified ecological compensation method was proposed,mainly based on financial compensation,supplemented by compensation for technology,projects,intelligence,policies,employment,social welfare,etc.The upper limit,lower limit and carbon compensation limit of the ecological compensation standard for the Yellow River Estuary National Park was respectively calculated to be 47,647.31yuan/hm~2,19,981.28 yuan/hm~2,and 69.07 yuan/hm~2.The Yellow River Estuary National Park should focus on ecological restoration to maintain the spatial pattern of wetlands,take water system connectivity as the starting point to coordinate comprehensive soil and water management,take species diversity protection as the starting point to improve the biological biotope,take ecological culture as the starting point to lead regional green and low-carbon development,take ecological monitoring as a starting point to maintain regional ecological security.