Research On Carbon Tax And Carbon Labeling Policy Under Manufacturer-led Innovative Decision-making In Low-carbon Supply Chains

In recent years,the global economy is growing steadily and rapidly.With the increasing awareness of environmental protection,low carbon supply chain has become the focus of governments,enterprises and scholars.Specifically,the government has formulated a series of carbon emission policies based on the actual situation in the country,mainly including carbon tax and carbon labeling policies,in order to meet consumer demand for low-carbon products.Under the dual pressure of the government and consumers advocating low carbon and environmental protection,more and more manufacturers have started to actively explore the path of technological innovation in emission reduction to reduce carbon emissions to improve the low carbon and environmental friendliness of their products,thus enhancing the competitive advantage of their production products in the low carbon supply chain and further promoting the sustainable development of the low carbon supply chain.In this context,this paper mainly accomplishes the following work.First,this paper describes the theoretical foundations of carbon tax policy,carbon labeling policy,low-carbon supply chain and Stackelberg game,and reviews the current status of domestic and foreign research related to emission reduction decision of low-carbon supply chain under carbon tax and carbon labeling policy and technological innovation of supply chain enterprises’ investment in emission reduction.On this basis,this paper constructs four payoff models for manufacturers investing in emission reduction technology innovation and not choosing technology innovation under carbon tax and carbon labeling policies for a secondary supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two retailers,respectively,and solves the optimal decision quantities of supply chain members under each of the four models through Stackelberg game theory,and explores the risk of carbon emission policy and emission reduction technology innovation Finally,based on the theoretical analysis,the value of emission reduction technology innovation to business operation management is demonstrated by comparing two models of manufacturers’ technological innovation or not under two carbon emission policies.The results of the study show that(1)regardless of carbon tax policy or carbon labeling policy,when manufacturers invest in emission reduction technology innovation,wholesale price,sales price and carbon emission formulation are influenced by the success rate of technology innovation,and technology innovation can achieve the reduction of all three when the emission reduction technology gradually matures.It is also found that product demand and profits of each member of the supply chain are positively related to the success rate of technological innovation in both carbon emission policies,but the degree of influence of the success rate of technological innovation varies under different carbon emission policies.(2)Under the carbon tax policy,regardless of whether manufacturers invest in emission reduction technology innovation,their product pricing is positively correlated with the carbon tax rate,and optimal carbon emissions and profits of each supply chain member are negatively correlated with the carbon tax rate.(3)Under the carbon labeling policy,when the success rate of technological innovation is below a certain threshold,the wholesale and retail prices when manufacturers do not choose technological innovation are lower than the product pricing when manufacturers invest in technological innovation for emission reduction,and when consumers’ awareness of low carbon preference is above a certain threshold,the product pricing when manufacturers invest in technological innovation for emission reduction starts to be higher than when manufacturers do not choose technological innovation.(4)Through comparative analysis,it is concluded that supply chain members’ decisions are affected by both technology and carbon emission system.Under carbon tax and carbon labeling policies,when certain conditions are met,manufacturers choose technological innovation not only to reduce carbon emissions,but also to expand product demand,which makes the profits of each supply chain member improve.