| Object:Discuss the influence of lifestyle on cognitive ability of rural elderly in China,and verifies whether depression level plays an intermediary role between lifestyle and cognitive ability.And put forward reasonable opinions and suggestions based on the research results,and provide reasonable methods for the prevention and control of cognitive decline or cognitive disorder of the elderly.Method:According to the Biopsychosocial Model,using the cross-sectional data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018,theχ~2test was used to describe and analyze the current situation of lifestyle and depression level of the elderly.F-test and t-test are used to describe and analyze the status quo of cognitive ability and various dimensions of the elderly.Hierarchical regression method is used to explore the influence of lifestyle on cognitive ability and depression level of rural elderly in China,and lifestyle with depression variable is added to explore the influence on cognitive ability,and to verify whether depression is an intermediary variable.The method of Bootstrapping is used to further prove the mediation effect.Result:1.The study object was a rural elderly group aged 60 and above,excluding the samples of non-rural household registrations in the database,the samples with missing observations of core variables and the samples with outliers,and through careful screening and cleaning of the data,7048 valid sample observations were finally obtained.The explanatory variables are the cognitive ability of the elderly in rural China,the explanatory variables are physical exercise,social activities,sleep,smoking and drinking,and the control variables include gender,age,education level,marriage,living arrangement,etc.,of which 3471 are males,accounting for 49.25%,and 3577 are females,accounting for 50.75%.2.Status of depression:This research results show that 48%of rural elderly people have depression tendency,and their mental health is not optimistic.The following conclusions can be drawn through single factor analysis:There are statistically significant differences in depression scores among rural elderly with chronic diseases in different ages,gender,marriage,education level,activities of daily living(P<0.05).3.Status of cognitive ability:The average score of cognitive ability of rural elderly in the research sample is 9.185,and the standard deviation is 6.681.Among them,the standardized scores of three dimensions of cognitive ability are instant memory ability(1.197±1.921),delayed memory ability(2.417±2.681)and mental state(4.69±3.17).Univariate analysis showed that age,sex,education level and living style had significant differences on cognitive ability(P<0.05).4.Regression analysis shows that,on the premise of controlling demographic variables,lifestyle variables have a significant correlation with depression level and cognitive ability of rural elderly,and active participation in physical exercise and daily social activities,non-smoking,drinking behavior and keeping normal sleep time have a positive impact on the improvement of cognitive ability of the elderly;Finally,adding the variables of depression level to the regression analysis,it is found that the variables of lifestyle still have significant influence on cognitive ability and the regression coefficient decreases,which preliminarily demonstrates the mediating effect of depression.5.Mediating effect test points out:the model established by bootstrapping method shows that depression plays an intermediary role between lifestyle and cognitive ability in rural elderly population.Firstly,the direct effect of lifestyle on cognitive ability is 0.204;Secondly,the indirect effect of lifestyle on cognitive ability through depression level is 0.062,the overall effect is 0.266,and the intermediate effect VAF value is 23.31%(indirect effect/overall effect).It proves that the hypothesis that depression is an intermediary variable between lifestyle and cognitive ability in this paper is established,and a healthy lifestyle can prevent the decline of cognitive ability by reducing the depression level of the elderly.ConclusionsThe cognitive function score of the elderly in rural China is low,and the mental health status is not optimistic,and actively participating in social activities,moderate physical exercise,good sleep time,no smoking and other healthy lifestyles are conducive to maintaining good cognitive function.In addition,healthy lifestyle mediators act to prevent emotions such as depression and anxiety to further prevent cognitive decline in the elderly. |
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