Research On The Construction Of A Healthy Lifestyle Evaluation Index System For Rural Elderly People

Objective:The purpose of constructing a healthy lifestyle evaluation index system for the rural elderly and testing its reliability is to provide a scientific and effective measurement tool for evaluating the healthy lifestyle of the rural elderly.Methods:The original pool of entries of the evaluation index system for a healthy lifestyle of rural elderly was formed by using the literature research method and the discussion of the subject group,and the Delphi expert consultation method was used to conduct correspondence with 10 experts in China,combined with the results of two rounds of consultation to screen the indexes,and the hierarchical analysis method was used to determine the dimensions of the evaluation index system and the weights of the entries to initially construct the evaluation index system for a healthy lifestyle of rural elderly.After the pre-survey and large sample survey,the evaluation index system of the healthy lifestyle of rural elderly was finally formed through exploratory factor analysis.Results:1.Through literature search and discussion of the subject group,the original pool of entries of healthy lifestyle evaluation indicators for rural elderly based on the health promotion model and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory was formed,with 6 primary indicators and 64 secondary indicators,namely,health responsibility(15 entries),health skills(10 entries),diet and nutrition(13 entries),living habits(9 entries),physical activity(8items),and psychosocial(9 items).On this basis,an expert consultation questionnaire on the evaluation index system of healthy lifestyles of rural elderly was formed.2.After two rounds of expert consultation by 10 experts,the initial evaluation index system of 7 primary indicators and 43 secondary indicators was formed based on the expert opinions combined with the discussion of the subject group.The return rate of questionnaires for both rounds of expert consultation was 100%,the authority coefficients of experts were 0.895 and0.923,the Kendall coordination coefficients of primary indicators were 0.336 and 0.216,and the Kendall coordination coefficients of secondary indicators were 0.171 and 0.139.3.Using the analytic hierarchy process to construct a judgment matrix and calculate the weights of indicators at each level,the weights of primary indicators were health awareness(0.293),health skills(0.091),nutritional diet(0.054),lifestyle habits(0.091),physical activity(0.207),mental status(0.207),and social competence(0.058);the weights of secondary indicators ranged from 0.029 to 0.714.4.30 elderly people were selected by convenience sampling for the pre-survey and 219 elderly people were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling for the large sample survey.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the overall evaluation index system of the pre-survey was 0.89,and the content validity index was 0.92.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the overall evaluation index system of the large sample survey was 0.92.5.Results of exploratory factor analysis: five factors were extracted from the rotated component matrix,and their cumulative variance contribution was 78.575%.Combining the meanings of the dimensional entries,the factors were renamed;factor 1 nutrition and habits(13 entries),factor 2 health awareness(8 entries),factor 3 mental health(6 entries),factor4 health skills(6 entries),and factor 5 exercise(3 entries).After discussion,the group finally formed 7 primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators to evaluate the healthy lifestyle of rural elderly.Conclusions:Based on the health promotion model and Maslow ’s hierarchy of needs theory,this study constructs a healthy lifestyle evaluation index system for the rural elderly through literature research method,Delphi expert consultation method,questionnaire survey and factor analysis,including 7first-level indicators(health awareness,health skills,nutritional diet,living habits,physical activity,psychological status,social adaptation)37secondary indicators,using analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each indicator,of which health awareness has the highest weight.The construction process is scientific,rigorous and standardized,which provides a basis for effectively evaluating the healthy lifestyle of the rural elderly.