Study On The Characteristics Of Exercise-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

Objective: The study focuses on exploring the characteristics of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis(ER)and its potential mechanism,in order to avoid injury accidents caused by improper exercise,enrich the theory and practice of scientific fitness and promote the whole quality of national keep-fit exercises.Methods: Forty-four cases of exercise-related rhabdomyolysis admitted to Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 were collected.The retrospective questionnaire of rhabdomyolysis patients was formulated from four dimensions,including nutrition diet,mental health,disease status and exercise status.Meanwhile,blood biochemical enzymes,urine and other indicators were further collected.The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation(X±SD)and analyzed by chi-square test.Independent sample T test was used for comparison between two groups,and one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple groups of samples.Descriptive statistical variables were represented by the number of cases(percentage %);P<0.05 meant the difference was statistically significant.Results:(1)The general situation of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis patients: 79.55% of males and 20.45% of females.The age of onset is 14—51 years old,with an average age of 25.45 years old.It mainly occurs in summer and autumn,with mental and light manual labor.(2)Clinical characteristics of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis patients: the most common clinical symptoms of ER were muscle soreness(93.18%)and urine changes(45.45%).Enzymology detections of ER were significantly increased,especially CK.More than half patients had abnormal urine tests,of which 65.91% were positive in urinary occult blood test and 45.45% were positive for urinary protein test.The degree of urinary occult blood and urinary protein was related to the increase of CK.(3)Characteristics of health status of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis patients:ER patients were mostly in good health status;the population with unbalanced diet accounted for 31.82%;More than half of the patients(59.09%)had trouble falling asleep or insufficient sleep time;47.73% of patients had bad mood such as depression and nervousness.(4)Exercise characteristics of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis patients: compared with 3 months before onset,the number of people who participated in anaerobic exercise(P=0.049)and multiple types of exercise(P=0.042)increased significantly;the proportion of people participating in light intensity exercise decreased significantly(P=0.004),while the proportion of people participating in high intensity exercise increased significantly(P=0.035).The proportion of people who exercised for less than0.5 hours decreased significantly(P=0.006),while the proportion of people who exercised for more than 2 hours increased significantly(P=0.047).There was no significant difference in the proportion of people with different exercise frequency and total exercise time(P= > 0.05).(5)Univariate analysis has showed that there was significant difference in exercise type,exercise intensity and single exercise time(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the type of exercise,total exercise time per week and other factors had a significant impact on the occurrence of sports rhabdomyolysis in the exercise population(P<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalent population of ER is predominantly male,and most of them are young and middle-aged people engaged in mental and light physical labor.The incidence is high in the summer and autumn seasons.Physiological manifestations include prolonged muscle delayed soreness and urine color changes after exercise.Blood biochemical monitoring shows elevated muscle enzyme profiles and positive urine tests.Hunger,insufficient sleep,and poor emotional status during exercise may be associated with the occurrence of ER.Factors such as exercise type,exercise intensity,and single exercise time are independent risk factors for ER,while exercise type,and total exercise time weekly are the main influencing factors for the occurrence of ER.Suggestions:(1)It is recommended to strengthen the education of ER and scientific fitness knowledge among key populations,especially in summer and autumn,and health education for corresponding populations can be multiple forms,such as television,radio,video,on-site Q&A.(2)Encourage medical workers,scientific fitness personnel,social sports instructors,and other professional personnel to go to grassroots,community,and venues to provide sports education and guidance for relevant populations,and the proportion and number of them should be increased especially in summer and autumn.(3)It is recommended to strengthen ER screening at sports checkpoints,and strengthen ER related research at medical checkpoints,in order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment process and to improve the accuracy of ER screening.(4)In the study,due to the lack of research period and sample size,the results only represent the overall incidence pattern in the Ningbo area.It is recommended that more multi-dimensional and global surveys are needed in future research to facilitate a deeper understanding of the incidence pattern and intervention measures of ER.