Data Mining Professor Zhang Xikui Treats Chronic Kidney Disease From Liver

ObjectiveTo explore Professor Zhang Xi Kui’s academic thought of treating chronic kidney disease from the liver and the commonly used clinical treatment methods,drug pairs,combined medication rules,etc.,in order to better summarize Professor Zhang Xi Kui’s medication characteristics in treating chronic kidney disease.MethodsPatients who met the inclusion criteria of CKD records in Professor Zhang Xi Kui’s clinic of Department of State Clinic of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the outpatient clinical of Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province from January 2016 to December 2022 were comprehensively collected and organized according to the unified format.Mircrosoft Office Excel 2016,IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0,IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0and other software were used for statistical analysis of the medical record data through frequency analysis,association rule analysis and system clustering analysis.ResultsA total of 159 medical records were included in the study with 288 diagnosis times.In terms of gender distribution,there were more males than females.The main disease type was chronic nephritis;The age distribution was mainly from 31 to 60 years old,and the incidence was highest from 41 to 50 years old.There were 41 drugs with the use frequency ≥8%,which were commonly used in this study,including Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,Poria,Cortex Dictamni,Rhizoma Alismatis,Eucommiae Cortex,Ecliptae Herba,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli,and Semen Euryales.The main medicinal compositions comprise fructus ligustri lucidi-herba ecliptae,radix notoginseng-rhizoma imperatae,poria-rhizoma alismatis,cortex dictamni-fructus kochiae,cortex eucommiae-radix dipsaci,radix et rhizoma rhei-radix aconiti lateralis preparata,and rice bud-fructus hordei germinatus;The main liver-regulating herbs include Radix Bupleuri-Radix Scutellariae,Radix Paeoniae Alba-Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Rhizoma Gastrodiae-Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis,Cortex Moutan-Fructus Corni,and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Herba Ecliptae.The four groups of core prescriptions were divided into: the first group drugs: Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,Poria,Rhizoma Alismatis,rice bud,and Fructus Hordei Germinatus.Drugs in the second group: Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,Ecliptae Herba,Dictamni Cortex,Rhizoma Imperatae,and Radix Notoginseng.The third group consisted of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli,Eucommiae Cortex,Alismatis Rhizoma,and Poria.The fourth group comprise radix astragali,radix puerariae,semen coicis,herba epimedii,cortex dictamni,cortex eucommiae,herba dendrobii,radix notoginseng,periostracum cicadae,radix dipsaci,folium pyrrosiae,fructus oryzae,and fructus hordei germinatus.Conclusions1.Professor 1.Zhang Xi Kui focuses not only on tonifying liver and kidney deficiency but also on removing excess pathogens such as water dampness,blood stasis,phlegm retention,and turbidity toxin in the treatment of CKD based on liver.2.Classification of syndrome types.Based on the data mining results of this study,CKD treated by Professor Zhang Xi Kui from the liver was mainly divided into four syndrome types,i.e.,liver cold and turbidity inversion,liver heat and gallbladder cold,mixed cold and heat,and hyperactivity of liver yang.3.In terms of therapeutic method,the methods of soothing liver and promoting gallbladder,warming yang and lowering turbidity,resolving yang deficiency and jueyin,nourishing yin and suppressing yang,as well as the method of replenishing qi and nourishing yin are the basic therapies that Professor Zhang Xi Kui treats CKD from the perspective of liver.4.In terms of prescription selection,Professor Zhang Xi Kui usually applies Chailing Decoction,Buqi Tongluo Decoction for soothing liver and promoting gallbladder function,Qimadihuang Decoction for nourishing yin and suppressing yang,Dahuang Fuzi Decoction for warming yang and reducing turbidity,and Huangqi Erzhi Pill for tonifying qi and nourishing yin to treat CKD based on liver function.