The Study And Development Of Dynamic Monitoring System Of Ecological Environment In Tarim River Drainage Area

In recent years, with modern ecological environment research and informationtechnology development, 3S technologies are widely applied in ecological environment monitoring fields, digital ecological monitoring system construction become an important developing tendency.At present, few running remote sensing ecological environment system in China are practical, technology means are not complete, remote sensing and GIS have not integrated perfectly, ecological information extraction rely on human eye interpretation or man-computer methods mutually, image processing and GIS software could not been applied at site, many software could not integrated and system information could not share efficiently, it result in that we can not acquire real time information and development tendency of ecological environment completely, accurately in short time.Tarim fiver drainage area occupy 102x10⁴km², it is an important minority assembling area. National cotton, petroleum and chemical industry site, it is an important region for energy sustainable development in 21^st century, it occupies very important political, military and economic strategy position. But, in recent years, with the population increase, social, economic development, water resources out-of-order and low-efficiency development, 400km length river in lower reach is shrinking and non-flowing, Weilvtaitema lake is drying up, vegetation is withering in middle and lower reach river and developing gradually in upper reach river area, ecological environment are deteriorating badly.The ecological environment problem in Tarim river drainage area is aroused attention by Chinese government. The state council formally invests more than ten billion RMB to carry out renovation for Tarim river areas and expect to make breakthrough in ecological environment re-construction of Tarim river areas during next 5-10 years.The project titled Water Flowing Control Administration System is a key non-engineering project in integrate renovation plan. The project use module type GIS to carry out secondary GIS development, it designs and develops a dynamic monitoringsystem of ecological environment with difficult technology, huge system structure and huge content for Tarim river. Some advanced technologies and methodologies are acquired by deeply researches platform theories, technology bases, technology flow, general design and development, the innovation achievements are as follows:1. In the framework of digital river, taking ecological environment remote sensing as core, applying 3S technologies, the project develops and establishes a large synthetic and operational system with remote sensing data collection, transmission, storage, administration, dynamic monitoring, and analysis, pre-alarming and information sharing. The system possesses simple operation, convenient use, reasonable structure, clear logic relation and powerful running characteristics. It applies data flow integration systematic structure, takes data integration as center and data flow relation in each sub-system as links, become a module type system with compactness data relation and incompact physical structure based on sub-system. The system forms a sound base for digital rivers.2. According to data status and future developing tendency, the system applies warehouse administration technologies, integration of spatial data and attribute data, multi-source seamless integration and magnanimity spatial data storage technology, designs a river drainage space database with topological and non-topological, spatial and attribute, vector and raster integration, it solves how to organize and administrate complicate entity and magnanimity spatial data efficiently and set up a magnanimity spatial database spanning geographical belts with multi source, multi scale, multi types.3. The project set up a monitoring operational system of ecological environment in river drainage with multi layers and multi objectives by applying different scale and different resolution remote sensing imagery. According to types of ground objects, characteristics, the project develops automatic information extraction module of remote sensing information in large area ecological environment by applying hiberarchy and classified thought. The results can be used in thematic information extraction in land use, desertification, vegetation and salinization, the accuracy can reach 87% and final accuracy reach 95% after editing. In the meantime, methods and technological standards of information extraction in large area are established which includes consistence of image processing, integrality of interpretation reference and criterion of manual editing. The system designs a full newly KBS in order to serve information extraction and interactive interpretation, it improves the accuracy of information extraction, interactive interpretation and dynamic monitoring, achieves systematic administration of interpretation indications and reference information, and forms a interpretation reference information system, it is one-time establishment, constant updating and long term use4. The development implements a reasonable integration of RS and GIS. Based on IDL language and AO controlling software, the system make remote sensing imagery processing, interpretation indicates, information extraction, editing, revising, dynamic monitoring and analysis and statistics in a integrative work flow. In addition, on the data integration systematic structure, the remote sensing monitoring information system can complete data calculation and deep analysis, achieves ecological pre-alarm and developing tendency analysis of land use. It integrates image processing, information extraction and GIS editing and analysis to a operational system and overcome the individual functionally weaknesses of image processing software and GIS software.5. The system integrates thematic analysis of CA and GIS together, it takes five factors such as water system, transportation, altitude, topography and soil into consideration, establishes large area GeoCA-Landuse module, develops land use tendency analysis module of Tarim river drainage area. In past cases, CA modules are mainly used in city planning for small area tendency prediction. The newly developed GeoCA-Landuse of this project is special CA application for large area change prediction, the module will provide decision making supports for long term planning, it will improve the assistant decision making ability and become an active exploration for CA module application in land use.In general, the project makes researches on seamless mosaic of spatial data, magnanimity spatial database establishment, extraction of remote sensing information, integration of RS and GIS, CA module application in large area land use change prediction, pre-alarm of GIS analysis in ecological environment, webGIS development of ecological environment system and system integration, it will contribute in remote sensing monitoring of ecological environment and digital river construction.