Synthesis And Property Of One Dimensional Nanomaterial Of Copper And Compound

In this dissertation, solution routes have been successfully developed to synthesize of one dimensional nanostructure including copper sulfide complex microtubes constructed by hexagonal nanoflakes, copper@cross-linked PVA nanocables, Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables and a family of functional metal oxide nanotubes. Copper sulfide microtubes constructed by hexagonal nanoflakes were synthesized by an acetic acid-assisted solution route. Cross-linking reaction of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be initiated in the presence of copper ions, resulting in the formation of copper@cross-linked PVA nanocables by one-step hydrothermal approach. (PVA)-assisted hydrothermal carbonization process can be well controlled to synthesize ultralong Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables. A family of functional metal oxide nanotubes such as TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, SnO₂, ZrO₂, and SnO₂@Fe₂O₃ composite can be successfully synthesized by using highly active carbonaceous nanofibers as templates. The main results were summaried as follows:1. An acetic acid-assisted solution reaction at 80℃has been developed to synthesize complex microtubes with a diameter about 800nm and length up to 16μm, which were constructed by hexagonal copper sulfide nanoflakes. The presence of acetic acid, its concentration, and an appropriate molar ratio of [TAA]/[CuCl₂] played crucial roles for the formation of the unusual CuS microtubes. The formation process of complex microtube-like structures suggested that one-dimensional microrods of the initial precursor [Cu-(TAA)₂]Cl₂ complex acted as a sacrificial template for the self-aggregation and oriented growth of CuS nanoflakes onits backbone.2. Cross-linking reaction of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be initiated in the presence of copper ions, resulting in the formation of copper@cross-linked PVA nanocables by one-step hydrothermal approach. The product obtained at 200℃is composed of copper@cross-linked PVA nanocables with a diameter of 0.5-1μm and length up to 100μm, where the pH value, and temperature play key role in the formation of such nanocables and cross-linking of PVA. Besides the formation of nanocables, the cross-linked PVA aggregates with near spherical shape and irregular shapes have also been found, underlying that the cross-linking reaction in the presence of different metal ions has different reaction rates, which determine the uniformity of the product as well as the quality of the cable-like core-shell structures.3. Ultralong Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables with a diameter of 0.4-0.6μm and length up to more than 100μm have been fabricated successfully by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-assisted hydrothermal carbonization process using copper chloride and maltose as materials. In this one-pot synthesis, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has played an important role in the formation of these sub-microcables as a structure directing agent. In addition, the combined synergistic effect of both the carbohydrates and the PVA make it possible for the formation of elegant Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables. The effects of other saccharides such as glucose, P-cyclodextrin and starch on the formation of Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables were also examined under the similar condition and the thermal stability of as-prepared Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables has been studied in detail. Furthermore, removal of copper cores of Cu@carbonaceous sub-microcables at ambient temperature in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and H₂O₂ can form well-defined amorphous carbonaceous sub-microtubes.4. A family of functional metal oxide nanotubes such as TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, SnO₂, ZrO₂, and SnO₂@Fe₂O₃ composite can be successfully synthesized by using highly active carbonaceous nanofibers as templates. Compared with the previous strategy of using carbon nanotubes as templates, the carbonaceous nanofibers synthesized by hydrothermal approach have higher reactivity, thus making it more suitable for templating synthesis of a variety of metal oxide nanotubes. This general method can be further developed to synthesize uniform ternary oxide nanotubes such as BaTiO₃. The gas sensitivity of SnO₂ nanotubes synthesized by this approach has showed higher sensitivity, which exemplifies the distinct properties of such 1-D hollow nanostructures.