Study The Pattern For Integrated Coastal Zone Management Based On Ecosystem Approach

Costal zones, as a heartland of human activties around the world, are characterized by multiple and plentiful natural resources, and special geographical locations. With the rapid growth of population and economy in coastal zones, the coastal ecosystem is brought to increasing pressures.The issues of resources exhaustion, ecological deterioration and environmental pollution have been getting worse. It is need to improve the existing coastal zone management and introduce a new management approach to solve these problems. As the frontier research issue, the ecosystem approach provides a new approach for the integrated coastal zone management (ICM). Therefore, it is very important theoretically and practically for ICM and sustainable development in coastal zone to study the integrated coastal zone management based ecosystem approach (EBICM), which can effectively improve the ability of the pollution treatment and management.Combining ecosystem approach with traditional coastal management, the thesis presents a systematic study of the theorethical foundation for EBICM, and develops the methodologies and the management mode, and then the EBICM is applied practically on the coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB). The following achievements are included in this paper.1.The emergence development and existing problems of previous studies on EBICM is summarized based on the evolvement of ICM, then the theoretical basis for EBICM is analysed, including the complex ecosystem theory, sustainable development, ecosystem approach, police science and the watershed approach..2. The methodological system of EBICM is developed in the guidance of the research objective and theoretical foundations, including diagnosis of ecosystem environmental problem, determination of management goals, building of management models and implementation of management. A practical detailed process for EBICM is given in this thesis, which includes defining the range of the management, fundamental data collection and analysis of ecological issues, goal setting, integrated ecosystem assessment of coastal zone, the ecosystem dynamics modeling of coastal zone, the optimization of management scheme, and adaptive management.3. As the core of method research, the integrated model for EBICM is developed, include integrated ecosystem assessment model, ecosystem dynamic modeling and optimization modeling for management alternatives, which integrate the methods of marine environment numerical model, grey prediction, analytic hierarchy process with optimization. The model was connected with each other by the management goals and the parameters, which complemented for the implement of the adaptive management.4. According to the characteristics of the JZB ecosystem, the range of the integrated management was defined based on the boundary watershed, which consists of three parts: watershed-estuary-bay. The water exchange capability in JZB was studied used the Lagrangian particle model based on ECOM with moving boundary and concluded that the land reclamation weaken the water exchange capacity. The objective of the integrated management was proposed depending on the preliminary analysis of the water exchange characteristics, the environmental quality conditions and watershed ecosystem.5. The integrated ecosystem assessment system of 25 indicators for the coastal zone is established based on the influential factors which are divided into four subunits: coastal land subsystem, coastal waters subsystem, socio-economic subsystem and management regulation subsystem.Using the analytic hierarchy process, the ecosystem quality state of JZB coastal zone in the year 1988, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2007 is evaluation. The results showed that the ecosystem quality of JZB has been in a downward trend during the years of 1988-2007. With the development of the human society and the reinforcement management, the downward trend has been slowing down, but the ecosystem quality is not optimistic. 6. The ecosystem dynamics modeling of the coastal zone is developed, which is constructed by the socio-economic forecasting model, pollution loading model and ecosystem dynamics model of JZB. Taking 2015 as a planning management years, the pollution load into the JZB is predicted, and then the nutrients and phytoplankton distribution are simulated. The result show that the inorganic nitrogen pollution at the northeast of JZB and the Dugu eatuary is relatively serious, it is necessary to reduce their pollutants and implement pollution control measures.7. The management measures about the total water pollution control, ecological restoration and protection, and ecosystem approach for fishery are brought out. Based on the fact that the northeast JZB was seriously polluted, the optimization modeling for management alternatives is built to optimize the management projects of the Licun River, Loushan River and Moshui River watershed, aiming at minimum treatment charge and with the requirement of environmental capacity and accessibility of water quality. The pollution control of secondary waterwater treatment in Licun River and Loushan River watershed and the sewage reuse is the prioritization scheme, which can improve the environmental pollution problem of the northeast JZB and minimize the total investment cost.8. Depending on the ecological problems and the current management strategy, the management mechanism is proposed through the establishment of JZB integrated coastal zone management committee and the ecological compensation system so that the implementation of the management measures can be insured and supervised. Based on the complexity and uncertainty of the coastal zone ecosystem, the sustainable development of coastal zone would be achieved by the application of an adaptive ecosystem management process, continuous monitoring and quality evaluation of coastal zone ecosystem, and adjusting the integrated management objectives and measures.