| Science and technology are primary productive forces. The acceleration and promotion of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation is an important aspect of the realization of sustainable development of agriculture, agro-modernization and construction of "two types of society (resource-saving and environment-friendly). Innovation system theory consists of national and regional innovation systems theories. Knowledge and information economy based, innovation system theory considers innovation as a systems engineering. It emphasizes the important role of the policy of national and regional government in encouraging innovation. At present, the innovation system theory has become the frontier of innovation theory.The researches on China's agro-technical innovation mainly focus on the R & D of agro-technology, the promotion of technology and the policy incentives from the supply of government agro-technical innovation. However, the research on the incentives policy from the demand of agro-technical innovation and the incentive policy from innovation environment is still insufficient. Moreover, the studies of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation are paid much attention to the adoption behavior of agriculture micro principal, therefore, there is another insufficient research on the change of the nature of agro-technical innovation and its connotation as well as the new "market failure" and "system failure" resulted from environmental and ecological elements caused by environment-friendly agro-technical innovation. In view of this status, the thesis analyzes the policy incentives of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation system based on the evolution of innovation system theory from the perspective of knowledge and information economy. Accordingly, the thesis is devoted to make up for the inadequacy of the present study.The thesis is dedicated to study the incentive policy of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation by methods of systematic analysis, qualitative analysis, mathematical economics analysis, and the model building as well as empirical analysis, historical and comparative method. What is environment-friendly agro-technical innovation (as defined in connotation), how to (economic analysis), do (from abroad) and what should we do (the status quo and countermeasures) is logical thinking in this thesis. The thesis can be divided into three parts involving eight chapters. The first part introduces the basic theory of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation policy incentives. This part includes introduction, the overview of innovation system theory, the definition and characteristics of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation, and system incentives. These four chapters in this part explain the question of "what" and "how to". This part defines the environment-friendly agro-technical innovation, discriminates environment-friendly agro-technical innovation and the traditional agro-technical innovation, and proposes the feature of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation. This part also probes into the evolution mechanism, incentive policy, and the latest researches of agro-technical innovation. The change of the supply and demand of agro-technology from 1949 to 2005 in China is analyzed in order to clarify the significance of demand-incentive policies to agro-technical innovation. Furthermore, this part analyzes the issue of "market failure" and "system failure" triggered by environment-friendly agro-technical innovation. It is shown in this part that the incentive policy of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation is facing the important problem (hereinafter referred to "five problems"): externalities of resource and environment, asymmetries of information and knowledge, path dependence of traditional technology, institutional barriers to innovation and asymmetric innovation capability.The second part introduces the experience of agro-technical innovation in Europe and the United States, and compares the difference of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation between Europe and the United States. The corresponding policy and system adopted by Europe and the United States to deal with "five problems" is analyzed, and the comparison of regional policy and experience is proposed. Moreover, this part puts forward the current constraints of China's demand for environment-friendly agro-technology: fertilizer industry policy ,agro-environmental protection policy, green agro-industry policy and agro-industrial organization policies.The third part consists of four chapters to explain the "how to do we should".Chapterâ…¤gives the economic explanations of the behaviors of technology adoption of agro-producers, the technological innovation activities of agrochemical substituting and eco-friendly agro-technical R & D institutions, the technological innovation behaviors of enterprises of chemical fertilizers and the innovation mechanism of fertilizer alternatives through mathematical mode analysis. Meanwhile, this chapter proposes some policy recommendations including not only the abolition of fertilizer prices fixing and preferential policies aimed to encourage the fertilizer alternatives and eco-friendly agro-technical R & D of fertilizer enterprise and research institutions, but also playing the role of WTO "amber box" and "Green Box "and subsidies to farmers in order to encourage famers ' demand of technology.Chapterâ…¥mainly analyzes the effect mechanism of the agro-environmental control acting on environment-friendly agro-technical innovation, and illuminates the relationship between economic growth and strict environmental control in virtue of the theoretical explanation of the "Porter Hypothesis" theory. The chapter points out there are some potential opportunities of the leaping development of achieving "Porter Hypothesis" and" innovation offsets" as well as obtaining "early mover's advantage" in China. Furthermore, the chapter puts forward some suggestions for the establishment of agro-environmental policy, agro-environmental control policy as well as the regional innovation policy of the integration of agriculture development policy and agro-technical policy.Chapterâ…¦proposes theoretical foundation of achieving green agro-industrial policy based on the definition of green agro-industrial policy. The chapter also analyzes the effect mechanism of green agro-industrial policy on environment-friendly agro-technical innovation as well as the present situation of China's green agro-industry and industrial policy. On this basis, the chapter advocates constructing the innovation-oriented industrial policy system of green agriculture according to Porter's national competitive advantage theory. Meanwhile, the chapter proposes building a compensation mechanism for green agro-industry with different policy strategies, exerting the inherent constraints of reputation models, and also educating and training the discrimination ability of green agro-producers in accordance with regional green agro-industry development stage and goals of market segmentation.Based on new institutional economics and innovation systems theory, Chapterâ…§analyzes the evolution of organizational innovation of agro-industrialization and the effect of agricultural organization acting on agro-technical innovation. Simultaneity, this chapter analyzes the controversial issues in the development of agro-industrial organization that include the slow development of industrial organization, property rights, predominant of "one shareholder" and "shareholders". Drawing on the experience of developed countries, the chapter points out agro-industrial organization is a double-edged sword that may be either the driving force or the resistance for sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, the chapter advocates that all the controversial issues should be under consideration in the framework of sustainable agricultural development, At the same time, the chapter suggests that agricultural production cooperation organization constituted by universities, research institutes together with agricultural cooperative associations should be transformed from the loose type to close co-operation-based organizations and entity organizations. The necessity of such transformation also is emphasized in the chapter.The study has made progress in the following aspects. Firstly, the integration of the dynamics of innovation systems theory and its evolution from systemic point of view is the innovation of research method. Secondly, the primary study focus on the innovative nature and the necessity of policy and incentive system triggered by resources and environmental elements integrated into environment-friendly agro-technical innovation. This is a certain extent supplement of the research on domestic environment-friendly agro-technical innovation. Thus, it may be a breakthrough in research content and cognitive angle of view for related research. Thirdly, this thesis achieves a certain research goal. For instance, the thesis not only analyzes the mechanism of the related policies (China's fertilizer industrial policy, agro-environmental policy, green agro-industrial policy and agro-industrial organization) acting on environment-friendly agro-technical innovation, but also advances some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in accordance with our current situation of corresponding policies.Inevitably, the thesis also shows some deficiency. On the one hand the thesis pay attention on theoretical and mathematical analysis rather than either case analysis or empirical data with the case study because of the relatively new research topics and relatively small number of domestic relevant references, but on the other hand the thesis emphasizes demand motivation and ambient excitation among environment-friendly agro-technical innovation, avoiding the analysis of supply motivation policies. Therefore, the research in the future should devote to studying incentive policy throughout the system of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation in systematic way as well as establishing China's regional system of environment-friendly agro-technical innovation.
|
PDF Full Text Request