| Now our country calls on both economy development and ecology protection.The Chinese government has paid arduous effort to attain elegant mountains and river's object, and the project is attracting worldwide attention that various employing public property to restore forest. But feasible efficiency of using resources of extensive mode in economic growth is low, and environment itself also has a character that it being easily destroying, difficult restoring. Even if we have had the eco-compensation practice such as withdrawing from plugging returning to forestry, returning back to grass, returning back to lake, eco-compensation theory studies could not satisfy the want of implementing the strategy of ever- lasting development. Especially in the field of natural ecology protection or protection of area ecological environment, we are being confronted with the challenge of policy structure vacancy, grave shortage of pertinent environment economic policy, so that we have no way to solve the problem of eco-protection in such fields development as important country ecology function area, river basin and mineral resources. Thereby at the same time that society develops rapidly in economy, we pay heavy price for the environmental pollution and ecology worsening. Eco-compensation mechanism is the important measure applying an economic means to preserve the ecological environment, it is also the strategy being that our country realizes economic and social development and protection of ecological environment win-win chooses. While the Eco-compensation study and practice of our country just breaks the ice, it does not form the system that can be suitable in different arrangement of ideas and type. And the thesis has taken it as the object of study that how to buildup and perfects the eco-compensation, analyses the connotation and the economic theory foundation, also, the positive study and demonstration has been made on the practice and relevance policy in home and abroad. At last it melts or converge lots of disciplines theory, such as Economics, Resource science, Environmental science, Ecology, Principles of Management, Science of Law etc, and submitted countermeasure and suggestion on the fundamental frame of how to structure and perfect eco- compensation mechanism of our country.The article reaches the basic conclusions by studying:(1) "what is eco-compensation? Why and how to buildup the eco-compensation mechanism"? These questions must be primarily, and scientifically system answered when we want to work out eco-compensation policy and to build the mechanism.Now available research and exploration practice have prepare the fine basis for answering these fundamental problems, but not yet reach comparatively system and science degree that still have bigger distance satisfying the needs of the relevance decision-making by the country. (2) Eco-compensation mechanism adjusts the environment of the relevance main body and their economy benefit relations of income distribution, inners relevance spends flexible outside cost, and it is one kind of system arrangements that restoring, defending and improving ecology's system function. Eco-compensation mechanism is a very complicated system arrangement. Whose basic key element is to ascertain that ought to include compensating principle, compensating the main body, compensating an object, compensating partner, compensating approach, compensating network, compensating standard, compensating way and so on, whereas it wants to deal with compensating guarantee mechanism, compensating mechanism the valuation running effect, compensating improving and perfecting and so on. (3) After having experienced the inoculation, experimental unit investigation and discussion and gradual popularization, the eco-compensation policy of our country has effect on relieving an ecological environment arriving at the certain effect, but from the view of concrete practice of compensation at present, we do not build a set of relatively entire mechanism, and be short of specialty nature policy instrument. Under the circumstances that we scientifically develop, build new eco-civilized and harmonious society in an all-round way, at present our country rectifies in best period for building eco-compensation mechanism, also various conditions is already basically mature. Building eco-compensation mechanism is one long range, complicated job but, we must unceasingly, study and use good home and abroad experience and way for reference, probes the successful way being suitable to our country ecological environment and social development. (4) Eco-compensation mechanism is a very complicated system arrangement. According to the home and abroad fact of theory studies and operation carried out, when we want to build a wholly mechanism system, we should entirely take it into consideration that this mechanism essential features, mechanism formation, estimation on the effect put into practice, as well as mechanism perfection. (5) estimation on the effect put into practice structures a indispensable important link of entire system of building mechanism. The key of effect estimation lies in that we knowing the overall operation state and policy achievement effect, and it could provide experienced reference for going a further step on the compensation mechanism perfection. Concrete method is that the law estimating during the front and back compares with the law of cost-beneficial in the policy estimation method, mutuality by the fact contrasting with what front and back gains beneficial result during policy put into practice, so penetrating quantitative valuation policy is put into effect. (6) River basin, agriculture, natural development zone, mineral development of natural resources, forest etc. all has personal differentiate in the essential features with each other, so we should consider the difference-relation factor that exists in the compensation field reality, even that we can design a mechanism which mostly suit the actual condition of needs, and swear to reach ideal compensation effect.The viewpoint includes following brought forward by article:(1) the article demonstrates the mechanism essential features clearly, designs the mechanism responsibility-deciding mechanism, compensating range mechanism, compensating standard ascertaining, compensating way choice mechanism, and compensating system guarantee mechanism, and it arrives at the conclusion the mechanism construction be one synthetically process, and we ought to put effect of compensation into scientifically valuation, and unceasingly come true mechanism development perfect and be innovative. (2) The article has structured index system that appraising eco-compensation effect, which has been used in analyzing the mechanism operational state and efficiency put into practice in order to discover problems among them. By that the actual reference and basis could be provided in the future for the mechanism optimization and various index of relevance development adjustment. Concrete method is that the law estimating that the front and back compares with the law of cost-beneficial in the policy estimation method, mutuality by the fact contrasting with what policy puts front and back gains beneficial result into practice, so penetrating quantitative valuation policy is put into effect. (3)Under the overall target of institutional innovation idea and value chasing in compensation, abiding by the principles of innovation, the article has submitted countermeasure and suggestion on how to perfect responsibility mechanism, range, standard, operation way, and ensure system, and expects to realize eco-compensation mechanism development evolution and improve oneself unceasingly, so that we can reach the comprehensive ecological improvement and the policy target.
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