Study On The Ecological Construction Compensation Mechanism Of Western China

Ecological construction compensation mechanism is the institutional arrangement to eliminatethe external of the ecological environment construction by adjusting the relationship among the related subjects through government regulations and market approaches for the purpose of the protection of the ecological environment and promoting the harmony between man and the nature. According to the researches, Western China has the serious eco-environment problem, such as the shortage of the ultimate control of the vegetation decline and land degradation and the decline of the ecosystem regulatory and biological diversity maintenance function and so on These ecological problems are caused by many reasons, among which the lack of an effective ecological construction compensation mechanism is the major one. Therefore, there is the important practical meaning in the research of ecological construction compensation mechanism of Western China.On the basis of the ecological construction compensation mechanism theoretic analysis, the author has summed up the actuality and problems of the existent ecological construction environment mechanism of Western China, and has reconstructed the mechanism by studying the compensation principles, compensation objects, compensation subjects, compensation standard, compensation way and the supervises and evaluation system. Furthermore, the case study has offered the empirical research of the compensation standard and the compensation way of Qionglai. The basic conclusions are as follows.(1) The compensation subjects have the absences of the central region and Eastern China in the present ecological construction compensation mechanisms, while the nation is the only compensation subject, which brings huge pressure to the nationl finance. The compensation expense should be apportioned reasonably among the central government, regional ones and the governments of the ecological construction regions, truly realizing the compensation principles of "the beneficiary paying" and "the constructors and the people who lose benefit for the ecological construction being compensated".(2) At present the compensation standards of Western China are simple relatively, basically adopting a "one size fits all" policy. The compensation standard setting lacks of the scientific basis and could not be suitable for the various regions and the different local conditions, which has resulted in the phenomenon of the poor standard and the rich standard existing at the same time and the imbalance among the areas. The standard setting should be carried out on the basis of the purpose of the ecological construction compensation mechanism of Western China. Based on the comprehensive division of the compensated regions, the minimum standard can be determined by the ecological construction cost calculating system and the executive one could be made by the local governments according to the socio-economic situation.(3) The diversity of compensation modes are determined by the diversity of compensation subjects and the various needs of the compensation objects. However, presently the main compensation forms of Western China are funds and commodities, the farmers' needs of developing have been met, which has affected their ecological construction positivity. The quantitative analysis of influences factors of the eighty farmers' behavior in the project of turning cultivated land back into forests in Qionglai with the Probit model indicates that the ecological environment constructors will be inspired by the government and associations providing technical guidance and support and local related enterprises' effect in the compensation area. Thereby, the direct compensation way and the indirect one should be combined to bring up the self-development ability of the constructors and the ecological environment construction areas. Meanwhile, the central government compensation and the local one should be united, the central government should increase transfer payments and the governments in the ecological construction areas should actively build the self-compensation mechanisms. In addition, the implement of the combination between the government compensation and the civil compensation can widely absorb the private capital, helping to reduce the government's financial burden and ensure the ecological construction sustainability.(4)The existent ecological construction compensation mechanism of Western China has the shortage of a effective supervises and evaluation system, which has some bad effect on the justness and validity of the compensation mechanism implementary. Thus the ecological compensation legislation should be gradually improved. And the social eco-compensation regulatory agencies should be gradually established to supervise and appraise the economic benefit, the social one and the ecological one of the eco-compensation mechanism to perfect the relevant rules of the compensation mechanism.