| Ecological compensation is an important measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization.In-depth exploration of ecological compensation mechanism has important practical significance for balancing regional economic and ecological development.Sichuan Province occupies an important socio-economic status in western China,and is also an important ecological barrier in eastern and western China.Since 2000,the regional economy has developed rapidly,and the contradictions between people and land have become increasingly prominent.The differences in geographical conditions between the eastern and western parts of Sichuan Province have exacerbated the imbalance in socio-economic development.The development and positioning of the main functional areas has made regional coordination and development more difficult.Exploring the ecological compensation to balance the ecology with the help of economic leverage has a strong practical significance for optimizing the ecological and economic structure of Sichuan Province and thus promoting regional sustainable development.This study focuses from the perspective of 5 main function areas(hereinafter referred to as A-E area in short and the text in parentheses is referred to as auxiliary understanding),including Sichuan Province's national key development areas,provincial level key development areas,national level restricted development areas(main production area of farmer products),national level restricted development areas(key ecological function areas),and provincial level restricted development areas(key ecological function areas),taking the application of remote sensing data and GIS technology from 2001 to 2015 as the core,starting from the perspective of land use,building model and calculating ecological compensation standards.The characteristics of dynamic changes are reflected in the three phases of 2001-2005("Tenth Five-Year Plan"),2006-2010("Eleventh Five-Year Plan")and 2011-2015("Twelfth Five-Year Plan").The 15-year cumulative value from 2001 to 2015 reflects the overall characteristics.Divide the subjects of ecological compensation and the acceptance subject of compensation,and calculates the priority of ecological compensation based on comprehensive socio-economic data,thereby performing ecological compensation zoning.Based on the above analysis of the preferences of ecological compensation methods,a multi-scale Sichuan local characteristic ecological compensation mechanism is constructed from the perspective of the main functional area,in order to provide theoretical reference for related policies and provide a way of thinking for this type of ecological compensation mechanism research.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Calculation for Ecological Compensation Standards:(1)In terms of ecosystem service value,the five main functional areas have basically been an ideal development trend of gradual optimization of the ecological environment in the past 15 years,and the ecological development status of each area is in line with its main functional positioning.(2)In terms of carbon emissions from construction land,the carbon emissions of the five main functional areas continued to increase during the study period,but the carbon emission intensity was mostly rising,that is,the carbon emission level increased,which slowed the growth rate of carbon emissions in the later period,indicating that each district has gradually paid attention to coordinated development of economic ecology.(3)Calculating for the overall of 15 years,areas A and B(key development areas)need to pay for ecological compensation,and areas C,D,and E(restricted development areas)should accept ecological compensation.During the study period,the former tends to develop a loss in ecological economic value,but the incremental loss gradually decreases,and the latter tends to develop surplus,whose incremental surplus increases.The overall regional differences are increasing,and ecological and economic development are not synchronized,but the characteristics of ecological and economic development within each area follow the main function positioning.(2)In the subject of ecological compensation,there are 5 main functional areas in Sichuan Province:(1)In terms of subjects of ecological compensation and acceptance subject of compensation,in the past 15 years,the main acceptance subject of compensation were counties and the ecological situation was relatively good.The main subjects of ecological compensation were distributed in areas A and B(key development areas),the main acceptance subject of compensation were distributed in areas C and D and E(restricted development areas),and the main changing areas are concentrated in areas A,B,and C(Key development areas + national agricultural production areas),all of which are manifested by the increase in subjects of ecological compensation,and the area is more focused on socio-economic development.(2)In terms of Eco-compensation Priority Sequence,during the study period,areas A and B(key development areas)are urgent low-value areas and tend to be non-urgent.The economic status is prominent.The urgent high-value areas are located in areas D and E(ecological function areas),whose development positioning is further trending to be prominent.(3)In terms of ecological compensation zoning,the ecological compensation zoning layout is highly consistent with the development of the functional positioning of the main functional areas.The D and E zones(ecological function areas)have a single zoning,and their ecological functional positioning plays an important role.(3)The selection and mechanism of ecological compensation forms:(1)In terms of the selection of ecological compensation methods,the secondary compensation areas and priority compensation areas in areas D and E(ecological function areas)prefer the most direct and effective combination of capital compensation and material compensation methods.The secondary compensation areas in areas A,B,and C(Key development areas + national agricultural production areas)prefer the combination of intellectual compensation + project compensation methods with the most long-term effect.The potential compensation area in areas A,B,and C has a relatively small preference for the combination of intellectual compensation + policy compensation.(2)It is recommended to follow the principle of unified power and responsibility mechanism,key compensation for special ecological area,urgency matching compensation,geographical proximity compensation,and long-term compensation according to local conditions for ecological compensation mechanisms.It is operated under the basic guarantees of sound legal policy system foundation guarantees,core guarantees of organizational management and construction,motivation guarantees of incentive measures,and backbone guarantees of public participation. |
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