| Physico-chemical characteristics and toxicity of the PM10 in coal mine cities were investigated by using the knowledge of environmental geology, toxicology and geochemistry. Spherical particles, soot aggregates, minerals, unknown ultrafine particles and other particles were identified by using high resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope, in which spherical particles and minerals were dominate. Image Analysis revealed that all types of individual particulates were mostly in the range of 0.1～0.5μm by number. Energy-Sipersive X-Ray analysis of individual mineral particles in PM10 revealed the chemical compositions of each particle. Based on a P(X) value which is defined by a mostly enriched major element, a total of 9 mineral types can be classified, including "Si-rich","Ca-rich","S-rich","Fe-rich","Al-rich","Ti-rich","Mg-rich","K-rich","Cl-rich" particles. The most common particles in the coal mine cities were "Si-rich" and "Ca-rich", and in addition, sulfuration of mineral particles was serious in summer than in winter. ICP-MS analysis indicated that the concentrations of the trace elements Cu, Ni, and Sn in PM10 of coal mine cities were higher than other cities, Enrichment factor and factor analysis of the major and trace elements revealed that the Cu, Ni, and Sn, as well as Zn,As,Mo,Cd,Sb,T1,Pb,Bi originated from anthropogenic pollution sources such as emission from coal burning, and automobile emission. The plasmid DNA assay demonstrated that the toxicity of coal mine cities by per unit mass PM10 was higher in winter than summer, and the toxicity of PM10 had a positive correlation with the trace element concentrations as Tl,As,Pb,Bi.
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