Ecological Degradation Mechanism And Protection Countermeasures Of Shenyang Wolonghu Wetland

Wetland ecosystems, being as one of the three important ecosystems on the earth, have been considered as the key important material resource for its various ecological functions and even the key soil resource for its significance in scientific research and supporting the susatainable developmemt of regional ecomomy. The status of degradation and lost of wetland all over the world, owing to the disturbance from natural environment and anthropogenic activities is serious. The researches about the degradation mechanism have, therefore, become the focus and important investigation area, which is considered to be the the premise and basis for scientific protection and effective management of wetlands. Taking the Shenyang Wolonghu Inland-Wetland Natural Conservation, the biggest natural inland-wetland in Liaoning province, this paper presents a case study of degradation mechanism and correspond protecting measures of the wetland based on fully analysis of the structure and functions of the wetland. The purpose of this paper is to make an exploration in application of new methods in research of wetland.The main work of this dissertation is summarized as follows:(1) The ecological functions and the structure of the Wolonghu weltand are fully analyzed. The enormous valuea of the wetland are confirmed, which reveal the key significance of the existence and being worthy of protection of the wetland.10-item function values of use value and non-use value from three main function categories as economic ecological and social functions have been calculated quantitatively according the the modern value theory and its corresponding calculation method. A new method of calculating the existence value of the wetland has been proposed in the paper. The calculation results show that the total value of the Wolonghu wetland is to be 20.822 billion RMB per year, of which the use value is 0.497 billion RMB per year and the non-use value is 20.392 billion RMB per year.(2) Two factors, natural and anthropogenic ones are investigated about impacting the wetland degradation and then the index system of frangibility is set up. Consequently, the frangibility of the wetland has been estimated by means of AHP-integrated index method and followed by the analysis of the degradation mechanism of the wetland. The results of the frangibility estimation show that the frangibility of the wetland is at the serious level with a rising trend since 1994. The precipitation, evaporation, water storage and water quality level factors bear the relatively higher weights. The degradation mechanism of the wetland shows that it is a collective effect from natural factors and anthropogenic activities that result in the wetland degradation, of which the cause of climate changes is dominant.(3) A cusp catastrophic model of Wolonghu wetland has been set up in light of the elementary catastrophe theory for further investigating the degradation process and degradation level of the weltand. The water storage and water quality level are taken as the controlling variables, biodiversity index as the status variable, synthesized index of the wetland ecological functions as the catastrophic function and degradation level of the weltand at 1994,2000,2002,2003,2005,2006 are simulated and estimated, respectively. The results show that the catastrophic phenomenaon of degradation of the wetland was occurring at the year of 2002, which was relative in agreement with the actual facts. Furthermore, the model can be used for prediction of the degradation trend of the wetland.(4) In this paper, based on the condition of small hydrological database, a new artificial inteletgent method of genetic programming (GP) has been proposed for simulating and forecasting the behaiviors of the water strorage of the wetland. The relative controlling factors of the method have been determined after fully analysis of the hydrological conditions of the weltand area. Taking the precipitation and evaporation as the input variables and water storage the output variable, the simulation results from GP show a large agreement with the actual values compared to the popular tools of artifical neural networks (ANN) and grey theory model (GM) under the same condition of small database. The prediction results from the GP evolution model indicate that the water storage in the Wolonghu wetland will sharply reduce in the year of 2015 and 2020 along with the trend of regional precipition and evaporation changes.(5) An optimal water utilization plan has been determined by means of multi-objective fuzzy plan in terms of the principal of sustainable development of regional ecosystem and social economy basing on the condition analysis of regional water resource. Some other protection countermeasures, such as new water resource developing for weltand and management regulations of the wetland, etc. have been put forward.