Research On Key Technology Of Solar Electric Car

With the explosive economic development and rapid increase in car ownership worldwide, the environment has suffered massive destruction in addition to the depletion of oil resources. In order to resolve the increasingly acute world environmental and energy issues, all nations rushed the development of clean energy in order to achieve a virtuous circle.Solar energy is a tremendous energy with the amount of radiation per second equivalent to 500 tons of coal. Since China is located in northern Eurasia of the northern hemisphere with a vast territory and abundant solar energy resources, solar photovoltaic technology has been promoted into application as a result of its maturity. Substantial increase in conversion efficiency of solar panels combined with declining prices contribute to rapid development in the research of solar electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are characterized by high efficiency, energy saving, low noise, zero emissions and other unparalleled significant advantages in environmental protection and energy saving. The perfect combination of solar technology, electric vehicle technology and other high technology as well ensure that the solar electric cars can cope with the contradiction between energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by the economic development and will subsequently make a great contribution to human development.The main work is to achieve the design for the overall solar electric vehicle under the guiding ideology of being small in size, lightweight too. It introduces the key for design in detail as to the body and frame. On this basis, the body is optimized for the design and performance simulation analysis. It, consequently, puts forward a new and cheap method to improve solar cell conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, it establishes the digital model of solar cell Simulink. The feasibility has been confirmed. The main work can be summarized as follows:1. Of the key technologies and feasibility analysis of solar electric carThis paper studies the distribution and availability of solar energy in China, summarizing the current research of domestic and international solar electric car from five aspects, namely the PV systems, battery systems, power systems, transmission and body-chassis systems, analyzing the key technologies of solar electric vehicle in addition to the feasibility of solar electric vehicles. 2. Construction of experiment and test platform for a solar electric carThe coming design of electric car aims to provide a test platform for the future experiment associated with solar-based power supply. The overall principle is small in size, lightweight. The overall program of solar electric vehicles is determined according to the parameters in the design. Furthermore, it discusses the design program for the significant parts like body and chassis so as to achieve lightweight in detail.Steel body shell is made from glass, light and strong, which has streamlined shape and can reduce the drag coefficient. The top has a larger plane for installing solar panels components. This car might satisfy the premise of the above conditions, taking aesthetic quality into consideration. The frame will be formed by the welding of high strength steel together with the use of frame-type structure. The local shape is to be determined by the completion of the design for bridge.This is easy to install and fix parts. Driven by electronic control means, the input voltage and power the motor speed and torque regulation, it omits the traditional mechanical gearbox and clutch and other devices, further simplifying the organization.3. Of the body to simulate and shape optimization based on the analysis resultsAerodynamics of the vehicle has gradually developed into an independent branch of aerodynamics. Good aerodynamic design of vehicles is an important way to increase its power and economy. Due to the low efficiency of current conversion of solar panels, solar electric cars are designed mainly for short-distance, low speed, single-use electric vehicles.In view of the actual driving environment, the electric vehicles were based on aerodynamic body design. ANSYS ICEM-CFD software will be applied to mesh, with a standard model as a high Reynolds number turbulence model, using fluent software for calculation based on the NS equations. The body shape is optimized based on the analysis. Seen from the comparison of drag coefficient, the optimized model can be better than the original model due to the fact that the wind resistance is smaller and powers as well as economy have been greatly improved.4. Studying the working principle of solar cells and presenting a couple of methods to improve the efficiency of solar cells conversion.This article intends to study the effects upon the main parameters of the battery (short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and energy conversion efficiency, etc.) from the solar cell structure, working principle, and the external conditions. It also compares several solar cell output efficiency, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses respectively.5. Proposing a new method to improve the conversion efficiency of solar cellsCurrently, the low solar cell conversion efficiency plus the higher production costs is the key factor to restrict it pragmatically. Studies have shown that solar conversion efficiency of photovoltaic solar panels decease with the increase of incident angle and rising working temperature. It is an effective method, therefore, to improve the conversion efficiency through reducing the incidence angle of sunlight and ensuring the best operating temperature range for solar panels.The existing solar cell systems commonly used employ the way of being in contact with air and direct cooling. The advantage lies in no additional structure in addition to low cost. But it is apparent that cooling effect is poor, solar panels have high temperature, and photovoltaic conversion efficiency is low.This paper proposes a use of water-cooling system to improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells as a new method. Additional trickle device is attached to the surface of solar panels to reduce operating temperature. One of the advantages concerning Surface cooling with water flow is that the heat become minimized through the heat exchange. On the other part, with the angle of water refraction decreasing, the absorption of radiation increase. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of the battery at a low cost.The results show that surface water cooling is only available for battery static electricity, while it can not supply the solar electric vehicle in motion. Thus, a further cooling with micro fluidic structure of solar car battery system is explored. This system is driven by the water pump in the water circulation in the labyrinth, which guarantees the quick and even heat flow of solar panels. It can not only improve efficiency but also meet driving requirements.The study suggests that the solar electric vehicles designed by this paper can meet the small-in-size, lightweight standard. The simulation statistics on the part of flow field around solar electric car reveal that air resistance can meet the requirements. It would definitely be an ideal body design. This study further confirms that it is an effective and economical method to increase the efficiency of solar cells through water cooling. With The value of universal application, the practical process of solar electric vehicles can be highly promoted.