Research On Key Problems Of Terminal Airspace's Sector Planning And Operation Management

In recent years,with the rapid development of civil air transportation service, a gap has gradually grown up between the different areas in China. At the same time, the contradiction of the airspace resource demand is getting more obvious.In whole airspace, the terminal airspace is the medium- and low-airspace centered on the large airport.Therefore, making an effective plan for air traffic controlling resources and achieving a rational airspace resource allocation for the terminal airspace has increasingly become an urgent task for the researchers and the experts. As one integral to the airspace plan theory, the theory of airspace sectors'plan is an important theory and an useful method for the rational air traffic controlling resource allocation.It is found that the method of terminal airspace sectors plan in the past is mostly based on the other countries'practical experience by qualitative research techniques, and leads to shortage of science and rationality. This paper intensively applies the results of the latest research on the transportation field, and based on this, by using the highway traffic planning theory, ergonomic theory and simulation technology as a source of reference, under the restraint of some airspace planning indexes,such as airspace capacity and airspace safety, advances the theory and the evaluation method relevant to the three-dimensional dynamic sectors'plans for the terminal airspace and the method of airspace planning assessment.This paper tries to build a relatively complete theoretical method of air traffic forecast, plans and evaluations of the sectors, better according with Chinese actual situation.Forecast for traffic flow is the basis of obtaining the reasonable airspace planning programs.In the past, the long-term forecast researches for the terminal airspace focus more on the analysis of a causality regression model and the analysis of time series model.However, the complexity, the randomness of the traffic system and the other factors influencing the traffic flow, such as the seasonal variations in air traffic flow and the statistical error will directly affect the precision of prediction.The research in domestic and international references focuses more on the satisfactory predicted value of the whole flow in some airspace sectors.But for the airspace structural planning, especially for the optimizing air traffic flow and for the establishing a reasonable airspace planning programs, the forecast of distribution in air traffic flow is more important. Therefore, in this paper, the four-stage method in highway traffic theory and double gravity model are introduced to determine the distribution of air traffic flow, and the GM-GRNN forecast model is specially adopted to establish the air traffic flow forecasting models in light of the random and periodic characteristic of the history data of air traffic flow. In the short-term forecast researches for the terminal airspace, air traffic flow is apt to be disturbed by many short-term, complicated and stochastic factors and the local radar prediction sample data tends to be deviant.Therefore, this paper tries to solve the problem from the prediction data by using cluster analysis of sample data and establishing the adaptive combination of forecasting neural networks model to cancel the deviant sample data.Voronoi diagram is founded using computational geometry based on original distribution of the way-point and the controller workload is accounted on each Voronoi polygon. And then in accordance with the rule about balance of controller workload, simulated annealing algorithm (SA) is used to achieve the optimization of combination of the Voronoi polygons, and the new resolution satisfies restriction of two rules for airspace partition. So, the boundaries of the aggregates of the Voronoi polygons are the optimal borderlines of sectors. Example result of actual airspace design validates the rationality of the sector optimization method.The sample of separated routes between approach and departure is generally viewed a more mature and efficient control approach in the terminal airspace.This method reduces both the amount of coordination work between the ATC Positions and the controller's workload, improves the controller's working efficiency and optimizes the program of the controller's work.At the same time, the present researches mostly use the qualitative method, lack of scientific quantitative measurement. Based on the fundamental principle of the airspace sector planning,the paper provides a functional sector planning model under separated routes between approach and departure,and the functional quantitative planning for terminal airspace sector would be expected to effectively applied.The dynamic airspace sector plan is a dynamic adjustment method which is based on the variation in air traffic flow and is to realize the security control of air traffic.This method has unique advantages in improving the efficiency of the airspace resource and the air traffic controlling resource.In the past, the fuzzy logic model relying on the expert experiences has constantly been used and tends to cause the planning to become ambiguous.Therefore, guided by the air traffic controlling rules and restricted by the airspace capacity, this research tries to get the rules and the models of the dynamic airspace sector plan on condition of the daily variation in air traffic flow.The present researches on the airspace planning assessment mostly use the experts qualitative method.The extension assessment model is a comprehensive evaluating model, which successfully combines the qualitative method with the quantitative one.The greatest advantage of the model is that it can help us translate the experts'qualitative thought process into the quantitative description so as to improve the accuracy of the evaluation.However, the extension assessment model also has some defects that some evaluation index data often exceeds the partial unit.Therefore, based on the experts'qualitative method, resolution ratio of grey correlation analysis is introduced to establish the improved extension assessment model in air traffic security control field.The theory and approach in this paper has already applied in some important project, such as the project of Shanghai Terminal Control Center and the State Administrative Committee on Air Traffic,and has obtained the good results.The research will contribute to the development and improvement of airspace planning in theory and will help the civil aviation authorities allocate and use the resources of the terminal airspace in practice.