| Sustainable landscape ecological planning and optimized eco-productive paradigm study demand practices complying with heterogeneous properties in physical geography (such as climate, water, soil, and vegetation). This should be based on the understanding of the current land use pattern, and be guided by landscape ecology principles and sustainability theories. In this study, landscape spatial analysis is an essential content and is applied to reveal the heterogeneity and regularity of land use pattern. The goal is to set up regional optimized eco-productive paradigm. Based on analyses of observational data, maps, field investigation and literature consultation, the following results were concluded:1. Landscape ecology principlesEcological construction and restoration for sustainable development have become a major focus of research in landscape ecology. Key landscape ecology principles-element, structure and process, dynamics, heterogeneity, hierarchies, connectivity, space and time were discussed, and a case study in Beijing area was used to illustrate how these principles might be applied in ecological construction and restoration to eventually achieve sustainability. The "three circles" system (mountain region-rural plain region-urban area pattern) for ecological construction and restoration in Beijing area was presented. Finally, based on analysis of landscape ecology principles and application of these principles in Beijing's ecological construction and restoration, some guidelines were provided for the establishment of modern ecological framework in sustainable planning for our country. These include (1) ecological suitability assessment, (2) analysis of current land use pattern, its dynamics, and land use development prediction at regional level, and (3) sustainable landscape ecological planning.2. Methods of Landscape ecology analysisCombining gradient analysis with landscape spatial autocorrelation indices, we attempted to address how landscape spatial pattern respond to changing scale (grain, extent and direction).1. Changes in scale had significant effects on the values of landscape analysis. Spatial autocorrelation declines with increasing grain, and basically presents constant response to changing extent. Landscapes with more disturbances by human, almost have no zoning effect. The effect of changing scale varies in their magnitude and rate of change when different types of landscape data or different landscapes of the same data type are used.2. Along urban-rural gradient, spatial autocorrelation indices present a staircase-like increasing tendency. The rank of spatial autocorrelation degree was as follows: forestry-pastoral landscape > forestry-orchard landscape > crop landscape > urban landscape > urbanizing landscape. Landscapes with more human disturbances have lower spatial autocorrelation, and higher sensitivity to changing grain size.3. Content of the case study1. Structural models of both gross domestic product and rural gross domestic product show a pattern that the Third Industry> Second Industry>Primary Industry. Status of agriculture in Beijing, and that of agriculture in Gross Domestic Product of Changping District become weaker.2. The physical and chemical attributes of soil and spatial distribution of soil types may affect land use pattern and dynamics. Soil conditions in Changping District are adequate, and basically agree with the direction of landscape sub-region development.3. Great changes took place from 1989 to 2001, and different landscape sub-regions had different changes. In the northern center, the piedmont plain characterized by city-forest-orchard region (III) had the highest diversity and lowest dominance and contagion, whereas in the southern central plain, modern urban-agriculture region (II) had the lowest diversity, and the highest dominance and contagion. The southern plain urban fringe residential region (I) had a diversity, dominance and contagion between II and III. Urban residential area and urban crop gradually domin...
|
PDF Full Text Request