Systematic Method Of Analysis & Audit And Improvement Strategy Of Highway Traffic Safety

The traffic safety is a difficult problem that is faced by the countries all over the world. And the traffic safety situation of China is more serious then other countries. In period of 2001 to 2005, there were more than 100,000 persons who were killed and more than 500,000 persons who were injured by traffic accidents occurring in China, and almost $3,000,000,000 property lost in these traffic accidents per year. Today, the quantity and degree of traffic accident in China has been most serious in the world. Moreover the traffic accident numbers are still increasing. By comparing the average number of death per a hundred accidents, it can be find that the death risk in China is nearly 7 time more than in the USA, is nearly 5 time more than in Europe Union and is 15 time more than in Japan. This data indicates the present situation of traffic safety in China appears not only greatly large in quantity but also greatly serious in the degree of traffic accident. And according to the process of the traffic safety situation development during modernizing process of the developed country, the current situation of the traffic accident in China will continue in a long period, our country's traffic safety situation is extremely serious.This paper is based on the Communication Ministry's transportation construction science and technology program in West China, Traffic safety of travel highway in forest region study—A case of Inner Mongolia S203 and the key science and technology program of transportation department, Heilongjiang Province, Research of the traffic safety audit system and countermeasure of the high-grade highway in Hei Long Jiang Province. And based on the latest research progresses in the domestic and foreign in traffic safety field, the systematized analysis and audit method and the improvement strategy of the highway traffic safety was researched with comprehension and consideration of traffic safety getting from research work.Firstly, the process of human understanding safety problem was discussed and the newest comprehension and countermeasures were analyzed in developed country. Then it was determined that the comprehension of traffic safety has gone into a new phase in China. The idea of people-oriented has established in related field and this idea has become the basic idea in the process of understand and solve traffic safety problem. Secondly, the structure of road traffic system should be defined and the impact of human, vehicle, road, environment and management to the system should be analyzed in order to solving traffic safety problem. So the impact of human, vehicle and road factors to safety was discussed by summarizing other research. And with difference from predecessors'research, the impact of environment factor to traffic safety was summarized systematically. The difference and relation between environment factor and management factor was discussed. Based on this, the impact of management factor, regarded as an independent factor of the system, to traffic safety was analyzed. Then a process of traffic safety management was given, and 6 key links of the process were given which determine whether a new management countermeasure could be effective.To traffic safety improvement, analysis on highway traffic safety problem is an important premise. The goal, object, content and principle of traffic safety systematic analysis were determined. And current method of traffic safety analysis was compared. Then the concept of traffic situation was given, and a kind of decomposition of macro traffic system was realized. Based on the conception of traffic situation, a framework of systematic analysis was given.On the basis of the framework, a new systematic analysis method was researched and given based on fault tree technology. A top event tree of traffic system was established and the basic qualitative and quantitative method of systematically analyzing traffic safety was given. A sub-tree of running off road and death event was actually established with the object of a dangerous highway section in Inner Mongolia S203. And the qualitative analysis of the highway section was implemented.. During traffic safety improvement to the section, the conclusion of the qualitative analysis was used and a specific analysis of traffic safety problem was implemented. A traffic safety audit system was summarized and established. A new viewpoint of safety audit to elements of traffic system was given, based on analysis of actual management demand. The goal and content of traffic system element safety audit were determined. And a general method was given based on accident reason. To highway element safety audit in traffic system, audit index of spatial aggregation degree of traffic accident and its auxiliary index were given. Then the calculation method of the indexes and highway element safety audit method based on traffic accident spatial distribution was given. The method was utilized with traffic accident data in part of regions of Hei Long Jiang Province. The audit result is fit to actual condition.A systematic safety improvement strategy and project implement strategy of traffic system was researched in order to use innovation technology and to improve traffic safety systematically, step by step and targeted. At last, the audit and analysis method and improvement strategy was actually utilized in the dangerous section in Inner Mongolia S203.